Exam 2: Research Methods in Io Psychology

Identify and describe two observational methods of research. For each method, discuss an advantage of its use.

If the correlation between variable A and variable B is .20, then variable A explains _____ of the variance in variable B.

The goals of science include description, explanation, control, and:

Identify and describe the four main goals of science.

Aneen wants to know which students will succeed in a gifted program, so she administers a test at the beginning of the year. At the end of the year, she finds that the test results correlate with those students' grades. The test has demonstrated:

_____ is the extent to which we can draw causal inferences about the variables in an experiment.

Which of these is a goal of science?

Which statistical and methodological technique is used for conducting quantitative literature reviews?

The goal of science that involves learning about how and why a phenomenon exists is known as:

Dr. Xiong conducts a study examining whether people feel more motivated when music is playing versus when there is silence. At first, his findings appear to indicate that those in the "music condition" do better. However, he learns that his research assistant encouraged the participants in the music condition but did not encourage those in the silent condition. Now, Dr. Xiong doesn't know whether the better performance was due to the music or the encouragement. Dr. Xiong's study has poor:

What is the cyclical inductive-deductive model of research?

Identify and describe the steps involved in the research process. Be sure to explain what happens at each step in the process.

Amy, using an archival data set for her research, notices that the data were collected on March 1, 1999, from a group of army leaders. This data set is:

The textbook notes that there is a trade-off between internal and external validity. Explain what this means, and provide an illustration of how a researcher might increase internal validity at the expense of external validity.

Which of these is a criterion of a good theory?

Which research design is the ONLY design in which we can assert that one variable is causing another variable?

_____ is the degree to which a test or predictor covers a representative sample of the quality being assessed.

The extent to which items on a test are interrelated and hang together is referred to as:

Briefly explain what internal validity is and what external validity is. What can be done in research to improve internal validity and external validity?

Jill develops the theory that students learn better from lectures than from reading. Sam believes that this theory is not very good because it is unclear what Jill means by "better." In other words, Jill's theory lacks: