Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

William James, a prominent American psychologist and philosopher, focused on human interactions with the outside world to understand the purpose of thoughts.His view is known as

_____ refers to the soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment.

Researchers usually must submit their findings to a journal for review by their colleagues, who make a decision about whether to publish the paper depending on its scientific merit.This process is known as a

Which of the following statements related to the scientific method is FALSE?

When conducting an experiment on time management, Jamie assigns everyone who arrives before noon to the experimental group and everyone who arrives after noon to the control group.In the context of experimental research methods, what is wrong with Jamie's experiment?

Dennis, a psychologist, conducts a survey on why most people tend to help a crying child.After the survey, he explains that most people help a crying child because they choose to live by higher values such as altruism.In this scenario, Dennis's explanation is reflective of the _____ approach to psychology.

J.B.Watson and B.F.Skinner believed that

According to the principle of _____ researchers are responsible for keeping all of the data they gather on individuals completely, when possible, anonymous.

_____ refers to the degree to which changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.

Which of the following attitudes are central to the scientific approach to psychology?

Dr.Okawa is interested in studying the effect that neurological trauma can have on short-term memory.First, he collects detailed information from a small number of individuals who have experienced brain damage.Then, using information provided by medical records, interviews, and observations, Dr.Okawa attempts to create an in-depth portrait of each individual.What type of research method was used in this study?

During a therapy session, Mrs.Brown's therapist, Donald, asks Mrs.Brown about her dreams because he believes that they are a key to her unconscious mind.In this scenario, Donald is most likely using the _____ approach to psychology.

An experimenter studies the relationship between caffeine and reaction time.She designs her experiment with four groups.Group one receives 100 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee; group two receives 200 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee; group three receives 300 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee; and group four receives no coffee.Twenty minutes later, participants from all the groups are given a reaction-time test.In this experiment, which group is the control group?

Psychologists who adopt a _____ approach examine behavior and mental processes through focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system.

Aspects of a study that communicate to the participants how the experimenter wants them to behave are known as

Elixir Inc.has a recruitment policy that favors hiring people from minority groups.To ensure that its diverse workforce helps rather than hinders business development, Elixir is seeking the guidance of a psychologist.Keeping its needs in mind, Elixir will most likely hire a(n)

Pretend that you want to determine the relationship between caffeine intake and performance on a midterm exam.As students sit down to take the exam, you ask them to write the number of cups of tea, soda, or coffee they ingested two hours prior to the exam.You also obtain their exam scores.You calculate the correlation coefficient between the two variables to be +0.82.What can you conclude?

Which of the following is an example of behavior?

Compare and contrast the behavioral and psychodynamic approaches to psychology.

A survey would be least useful in determining the