Question 1

Larval and adult tunicates look virtually nothing alike.How can you explain this dramatic metamorphosis in evolutionary terms?

Accepted Answer

The dramatic metamorphosis from larval t

Question 2

One overriding advantage of the endoskeleton of vertebrates,as compared to the invertebrate exoskeleton is that it permits __________ without the necessity of molting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One overriding advantage of the endoskeleton of...

Question 3

The lancelets or Branchiostoma are found

Accepted Answer

A) very rarely and are about extinct. 
B) as parasites inside the tracts of fish. 
C) commonly in the sandy bottoms of coastal waters around the world. 
D) in tropical freshwater streams. 
E) near deep ocean thermal vents. 
A) very rarely and are about extinct. 
B) as parasites inside the tracts of fish. 
C) commonly in the sandy bottoms of coastal waters around the world. 
D) in tropical freshwater streams. 
E) near deep ocean thermal vents.

Question 4

The early vertebrate fossils belong to an extinct group of jawless fishes known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The early vertebrate fossils belong to an...

Question 5

The urochordates are enclosed in a nonliving cellulose-containing structure called a _________ or test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The urochordates are enclosed in a nonliving...

Question 6

Cephalochordates

Accepted Answer

A) are small fish-like,freshwater animals. 
B) have a notochord only in their immature stage. 
C) digest food in a hepatic cecum or liver diverticulum. 
D) have a ventral nerve cord. 
E) have a heart that circulates blood cells with hemoglobin in a closed system. 
A) are small fish-like,freshwater animals. 
B) have a notochord only in their immature stage. 
C) digest food in a hepatic cecum or liver diverticulum. 
D) have a ventral nerve cord. 
E) have a heart that circulates blood cells with hemoglobin in a closed system.

Question 7

The characteristics of the chordates and the characteristics of the vertebrates are not the same.List the features that distinguish these two groups.

Accepted Answer

Chordates are a group of animals that po

Question 8

Outline the five chordate features.What is the fate of the endostyle in the higher vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

The five chordate features are key chara

Question 9

What feature(s)can be found in the ammocoete that are lacking in amphioxus,that are found in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A) A true liver with a gallbladder 
B) A two-chambered heart 
C) A three-part brain 
D) Eyes,nostrils,and auditory vesicles 
E) All of the choices are ammocoete features lacking in the amphioxus lancelet 
A) A true liver with a gallbladder 
B) A two-chambered heart 
C) A three-part brain 
D) Eyes,nostrils,and auditory vesicles 
E) All of the choices are ammocoete features lacking in the amphioxus lancelet

Question 10

Usually we think of evolution acting on organisms with different structures.How could evolution select the developmental pattern seen in paedomorphosis?

Accepted Answer

Evolution can select for the development

Question 11

Organisms that retain the larval form of their evolutionary ancestors when they are sexually mature are called

Accepted Answer

A) Larviparous. 
B) Paedomorphic. 
C) Nymphogenic. 
D) Precocial. 
A) Larviparous. 
B) Paedomorphic. 
C) Nymphogenic. 
D) Precocial.

Question 12

Adult ascidian tunicates have

Accepted Answer

A) a notochord. 
B) pharyngeal slits. 
C) a dorsal heart. 
D) a nerve cord and the beginning of an advanced brain. 
E) all of the choices are adult ascidian features. 
A) a notochord. 
B) pharyngeal slits. 
C) a dorsal heart. 
D) a nerve cord and the beginning of an advanced brain. 
E) all of the choices are adult ascidian features.

Question 13

Are the jawless ostracoderms a real taxon (that is,are they a monophyletic group)?

Accepted Answer

Ostracoderms are an extinct group of jaw

Question 14

Walter Garstang's hypothesis of vertebrate evolution could be described as the

Accepted Answer

A) annelid-vertebrate hypothesis. 
B) echinoderm-vertebrate hypothesis. 
C) amphioxus-vertebrate hypothesis. 
D) ascidian larva-vertebrate hypothesis. 
E) ammocoete larva-vertebrate hypothesis. 
A) annelid-vertebrate hypothesis. 
B) echinoderm-vertebrate hypothesis. 
C) amphioxus-vertebrate hypothesis. 
D) ascidian larva-vertebrate hypothesis. 
E) ammocoete larva-vertebrate hypothesis.

Question 15

Of the five chordate hallmarks,adult tunicates have only two,the _______ _______ and the endostyle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the five chordate hallmarks,adult tunicates have...

Question 16

In the chordates,the __________ forms in the vicinity of the embryological blastopore.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the chordates,the __________ forms in the...

Question 17

The lancelet reproduces

Accepted Answer

A) by asexual processes alone. 
B) by budding. 
C) sexually with both sex organs on the same organism,similar to earthworms. 
D) sexually but with separate sexes and internal fertilization. 
E) sexually but with separate sexes and external fertilization. 
A) by asexual processes alone. 
B) by budding. 
C) sexually with both sex organs on the same organism,similar to earthworms. 
D) sexually but with separate sexes and internal fertilization. 
E) sexually but with separate sexes and external fertilization.

Exam 23: Chordates

Larval and adult tunicates look virtually nothing alike.How can you explain this dramatic metamorphosis in evolutionary terms?

One overriding advantage of the endoskeleton of vertebrates,as compared to the invertebrate exoskeleton is that it permits __________ without the necessity of molting.

The lancelets or Branchiostoma are found

The early vertebrate fossils belong to an extinct group of jawless fishes known as ____________.

The urochordates are enclosed in a nonliving cellulose-containing structure called a _________ or test.

Cephalochordates

The characteristics of the chordates and the characteristics of the vertebrates are not the same.List the features that distinguish these two groups.

Outline the five chordate features.What is the fate of the endostyle in the higher vertebrates?

What feature(s)can be found in the ammocoete that are lacking in amphioxus,that are found in vertebrates?

Usually we think of evolution acting on organisms with different structures.How could evolution select the developmental pattern seen in paedomorphosis?

Organisms that retain the larval form of their evolutionary ancestors when they are sexually mature are called

Adult ascidian tunicates have

Are the jawless ostracoderms a real taxon (that is,are they a monophyletic group)?

Walter Garstang's hypothesis of vertebrate evolution could be described as the

Of the five chordate hallmarks,adult tunicates have only two,the _______ _______ and the endostyle.

In the chordates,the __________ forms in the vicinity of the embryological blastopore.

The lancelet reproduces

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Of the five chordate hallmarks,adult tunicates have only two,the _ _ and the endostyle.