Question 1

The name Urochordata means literally

Accepted Answer

A) "tail chordates." 
B) "head chordates." 
C) "kidney chordates." 
D) "tunic chordates." 
E) "larval swimmer." 
A) "tail chordates." 
B) "head chordates." 
C) "kidney chordates." 
D) "tunic chordates." 
E) "larval swimmer."

Question 2

Unlike most invertebrate phyla,the nerve cord of chordates is single,tubular,and located ___________ to the alimentary canal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike most invertebrate phyla,the nerve cord of...

Question 3

One example of why a cladist is not satisfied with the traditional classification scheme is because it

Accepted Answer

A) includes too many levels of classification. 
B) includes humans among the mammals. 
C) includes birds with the reptiles. 
D) does not include birds with the reptiles. 
A) includes too many levels of classification. 
B) includes humans among the mammals. 
C) includes birds with the reptiles. 
D) does not include birds with the reptiles.

Question 4

All chordates have

Accepted Answer

A) a single,dorsal,tubular,nerve cord. 
B) a ventral heart. 
C) pharyngeal slits. 
D) a postanal tail as some stage. 
E) all of the choices are chordate features. 
A) a single,dorsal,tubular,nerve cord. 
B) a ventral heart. 
C) pharyngeal slits. 
D) a postanal tail as some stage. 
E) all of the choices are chordate features.

Question 5

The ostracoderms

Accepted Answer

A) are the adult form of the ammocoete. 
B) were the first vertebrate to have jaws. 
C) are an extinct group of heavily armored,jawless fish. 
D) were the first fish with paired fins that led to paired appendages. 
E) were the first jawed animals. 
A) are the adult form of the ammocoete. 
B) were the first vertebrate to have jaws. 
C) are an extinct group of heavily armored,jawless fish. 
D) were the first fish with paired fins that led to paired appendages. 
E) were the first jawed animals.

Question 6

The perforated pharynx of chordates first evolved as a device for

Accepted Answer

A) support. 
B) respiration. 
C) suspension or filter feeding. 
D) detecting odors. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) support. 
B) respiration. 
C) suspension or filter feeding. 
D) detecting odors. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

The closest model for the vertebrate ancestral stock is something similar to the _______ _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The closest model for the vertebrate ancestral...

Question 8

"Sea squirts," the most common kind of tunicate,belong to the class ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Sea squirts," the most common kind of...

Question 9

Lancelets belong to the subphylum __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lancelets belong to the subphylum __________....

Question 10

Explain why fossil specimens of Haikouella lanceolata offer many clues to understanding the evolution of vertebrates from cephalochordates.

Accepted Answer

Fossil specimens of Haikouella lanceolat

Question 11

The development of a new vertebrate head was largely the result of two embryonic innovations: the neural crest and _________ ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The development of a new vertebrate head...

Question 12

Although several invertebrate groups have been proposed as chordate ancestors,most zoologists now believe the embryological evidence indicates the chordates have probably descended from ancestors nearest the ___________ lineage.

Accepted Answer

A) Arthropoda 
B) Cnidaria 
C) Annelida-Mollusca 
D) Lophophorate 
E) Echinodermata 
A) Arthropoda 
B) Cnidaria 
C) Annelida-Mollusca 
D) Lophophorate 
E) Echinodermata

Question 13

A notochord is most correctly defined as

Accepted Answer

A) a primitive spine. 
B) the tissue that becomes the dorsal nerve. 
C) a flexible stiffening rod extending the length of the body. 
D) embryonic tissue that develops into bone and cartilage. 
E) any tissue that functions in the role of a dorsal tubular nerve cord. 
A) a primitive spine. 
B) the tissue that becomes the dorsal nerve. 
C) a flexible stiffening rod extending the length of the body. 
D) embryonic tissue that develops into bone and cartilage. 
E) any tissue that functions in the role of a dorsal tubular nerve cord.

Question 14

Appendicularians

Accepted Answer

A) are sexually mature individuals that have retained the larval body form. 
B) are pelagic. 
C) build a delicate,transparent,and hollow sphere of mucus to trap food. 
D) replace feeding houses every 3-4 hours. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) are sexually mature individuals that have retained the larval body form. 
B) are pelagic. 
C) build a delicate,transparent,and hollow sphere of mucus to trap food. 
D) replace feeding houses every 3-4 hours. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

While several invertebrate groups (phyla)have in the past been proposed as chordate ancestors,embryological evidence indicates the chordates are most probably a sister group to the _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While several invertebrate groups (phyla)have in the...

Question 16

Pikaia gracilens,the earliest known chordate collected from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia,closely resembles

Accepted Answer

A) the amphioxus lancelet. 
B) living sessile tunicates. 
C) the ammocoete larva. 
D) an adult larvacean. 
E) the lamprey. 
A) the amphioxus lancelet. 
B) living sessile tunicates. 
C) the ammocoete larva. 
D) an adult larvacean. 
E) the lamprey.

Question 17

Outline the process that may explain how vertebrates evolved jaws.Be sure to discuss Meckel's cartilage and the significance of that structure.

Accepted Answer

The evolution of jaws in vertebrates is

Question 18

The skeletal rod found in all chordates is called a _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The skeletal rod found in all chordates...

Question 19

In both tunicates and cephalochordates,the ventral side of the branchial sac contains a ciliated,mucus-secreting groove,the ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In both tunicates and cephalochordates,the ventral side...

Question 20

The ammocoete larvae is important in zoology since it

Accepted Answer

A) is the "missing link" between chordates and vertebrates. 
B) represents the features of the most advanced chordate that is not a vertebrate. 
C) represents the features of the first vertebrates that are not obscured by advanced vertebrate development. 
D) is identical to the earliest Burgess shale fossil vertebrate. 
E) possesses all features found in derived vertebrates,and evolution from this point forward was a matter of losing different features. 
A) is the "missing link" between chordates and vertebrates. 
B) represents the features of the most advanced chordate that is not a vertebrate. 
C) represents the features of the first vertebrates that are not obscured by advanced vertebrate development. 
D) is identical to the earliest Burgess shale fossil vertebrate. 
E) possesses all features found in derived vertebrates,and evolution from this point forward was a matter of losing different features.

Exam 23: Chordates

The name Urochordata means literally

Unlike most invertebrate phyla,the nerve cord of chordates is single,tubular,and located ___________ to the alimentary canal.

One example of why a cladist is not satisfied with the traditional classification scheme is because it

All chordates have

The ostracoderms

The perforated pharynx of chordates first evolved as a device for

The closest model for the vertebrate ancestral stock is something similar to the _______ _______.

"Sea squirts," the most common kind of tunicate,belong to the class ___________.

Lancelets belong to the subphylum __________.

Explain why fossil specimens of Haikouella lanceolata offer many clues to understanding the evolution of vertebrates from cephalochordates.

The development of a new vertebrate head was largely the result of two embryonic innovations: the neural crest and _________ ___________.

Although several invertebrate groups have been proposed as chordate ancestors,most zoologists now believe the embryological evidence indicates the chordates have probably descended from ancestors nearest the ___________ lineage.

A notochord is most correctly defined as

Appendicularians

While several invertebrate groups (phyla)have in the past been proposed as chordate ancestors,embryological evidence indicates the chordates are most probably a sister group to the _____________.

Pikaia gracilens,the earliest known chordate collected from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia,closely resembles

Outline the process that may explain how vertebrates evolved jaws.Be sure to discuss Meckel's cartilage and the significance of that structure.

The skeletal rod found in all chordates is called a _________.

In both tunicates and cephalochordates,the ventral side of the branchial sac contains a ciliated,mucus-secreting groove,the ____________.

The ammocoete larvae is important in zoology since it

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectual Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

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Sponges and Placozoans

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Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

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Support, Protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

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The closest model for the vertebrate ancestral stock is something similar to the _ _.

The development of a new vertebrate head was largely the result of two embryonic innovations: the neural crest and _ ___.