Question 1

Our bodies minimize the effects of toxic compounds by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolic degradation 
B) Excretion 
C) Antagonistic reactions 
D) Repair mechanisms 
E) All of these are ways that our bodies minimize the effects of toxic compounds 
A) Metabolic degradation 
B) Excretion 
C) Antagonistic reactions 
D) Repair mechanisms 
E) All of these are ways that our bodies minimize the effects of toxic compounds

Question 2

Sick-building syndrome is a result of exposure to ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) asbestos 
B) formaldehyde 
C) radon 
D) arsenic 
A) asbestos 
B) formaldehyde 
C) radon 
D) arsenic

Question 3

A group of cells that grow extremely fast and begin to obstruct other cells' functions is known as

Accepted Answer

A) A malignant tumor 
B) A parasite 
C) Teratogenesis 
D) A pathogen 
E) A benign tumor 
A) A malignant tumor 
B) A parasite 
C) Teratogenesis 
D) A pathogen 
E) A benign tumor

Question 4

Among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are

Accepted Answer

A) Solubility 
B) Reactivity 
C) Persistence 
D) Toxicity 
E) All of these 
A) Solubility 
B) Reactivity 
C) Persistence 
D) Toxicity 
E) All of these

Question 5

The DALY combines premature deaths and loss of healthy lives resulting from illness or injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ________ well-being.

Accepted Answer

A) Physical 
B) Mental and physical 
C) Social and mental 
D) Physical, mental, and social 
E) Physical and social 
A) Physical 
B) Mental and physical 
C) Social and mental 
D) Physical, mental, and social 
E) Physical and social

Question 7

Historically, the greatest threats to human health came from

Accepted Answer

A) Carcinogenic or toxic chemicals 
B) Psychological stress factors due to crowding 
C) Pathogenic organisms 
D) Teratogenic chemicals 
E) Injuries (intentional and unintentional) 
A) Carcinogenic or toxic chemicals 
B) Psychological stress factors due to crowding 
C) Pathogenic organisms 
D) Teratogenic chemicals 
E) Injuries (intentional and unintentional)

Question 8

If 100 cups of strong coffee contain a lethal dose of caffeine, why don't coffee drinkers eventually die from caffeine overdose?

Accepted Answer

A) Coffee drinkers who drink more than 100 cups of coffee a week will eventually die from the bioaccumulation. 
B) Because of its molecular form, all of the caffeine is not actually absorbed into the body. 
C) Once the coffee cools, the caffeine is not as strong as it was when the coffee was fresh. 
D) Coffee drinkers who drink more than 100 cups of coffee a month will eventually die from the bioaccumulation. 
E) Our bodies metabolize the caffeine before lethal concentrations are reached. 
A) Coffee drinkers who drink more than 100 cups of coffee a week will eventually die from the bioaccumulation. 
B) Because of its molecular form, all of the caffeine is not actually absorbed into the body. 
C) Once the coffee cools, the caffeine is not as strong as it was when the coffee was fresh. 
D) Coffee drinkers who drink more than 100 cups of coffee a month will eventually die from the bioaccumulation. 
E) Our bodies metabolize the caffeine before lethal concentrations are reached.

Question 9

Biomagnification is a concentration of toxins

Accepted Answer

A) Within certain cells of the body 
B) within cells of predators as they consume and store the toxins that were in the bodies of their prey. 
C) Within the liver as an organism gets older 
D) Within the bodies of organisms at low trophic levels 
E) None of these is true regarding biomagnification 
A) Within certain cells of the body 
B) within cells of predators as they consume and store the toxins that were in the bodies of their prey. 
C) Within the liver as an organism gets older 
D) Within the bodies of organisms at low trophic levels 
E) None of these is true regarding biomagnification

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) If a substance is toxic, its toxicity is highly dependent on its form and where it is present in the environment. 
B) If a substance is toxic, it is equally toxic regardless of its form or where it is present in the environment. 
C) The most important factor in the toxicity of a substance is the route it enters our bodies. 
D) The most important factor in the toxicity of a substance is its persistence in the environment. 
E) None of these statements is true. 
A) If a substance is toxic, its toxicity is highly dependent on its form and where it is present in the environment. 
B) If a substance is toxic, it is equally toxic regardless of its form or where it is present in the environment. 
C) The most important factor in the toxicity of a substance is the route it enters our bodies. 
D) The most important factor in the toxicity of a substance is its persistence in the environment. 
E) None of these statements is true.

Question 11

A chemical interaction in which one substance exacerbates the effects of another is termed

Accepted Answer

A) A persistent reaction 
B) A bioaccumulation 
C) An antagonistic reaction 
D) Synergism 
E) Metabolic degradation 
A) A persistent reaction 
B) A bioaccumulation 
C) An antagonistic reaction 
D) Synergism 
E) Metabolic degradation

Question 12

The biomagnification of DDT demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A) Higher trophic level organisms can concentrate toxins in a type of "inverse biological pyramid." 
B) Birds should not depend on fish for food 
C) DDT is easily metabolized and excreted by most organisms 
D) DDT is an extremely water-soluble material 
E) Water-soluble toxins are widespread 
A) Higher trophic level organisms can concentrate toxins in a type of "inverse biological pyramid." 
B) Birds should not depend on fish for food 
C) DDT is easily metabolized and excreted by most organisms 
D) DDT is an extremely water-soluble material 
E) Water-soluble toxins are widespread

Question 13

Radiation can act as a mutagen because it

Accepted Answer

A) Deactivates the immune system 
B) Interferes with the activity of nerve cells 
C) Causes muscles to grow at unusual rates 
D) Damages genetic material in cells 
E) Represses oxygen uptake 
A) Deactivates the immune system 
B) Interferes with the activity of nerve cells 
C) Causes muscles to grow at unusual rates 
D) Damages genetic material in cells 
E) Represses oxygen uptake

Question 14

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to

Accepted Answer

A) Emotional stress 
B) Malnutrition 
C) Toxicity effects 
D) The overconsumption of fats 
E) All of these exacerbate infectious diseases such as diarrhea 
A) Emotional stress 
B) Malnutrition 
C) Toxicity effects 
D) The overconsumption of fats 
E) All of these exacerbate infectious diseases such as diarrhea

Question 15

As a society, we usually focus attention on health risks that are

Accepted Answer

A) Most serious 
B) Easiest to clean up 
C) Most well publicized and frightening 
D) Statistically more likely to occur 
E) All of these receive equal money and attention 
A) Most serious 
B) Easiest to clean up 
C) Most well publicized and frightening 
D) Statistically more likely to occur 
E) All of these receive equal money and attention

Question 16

One positive aspect of the current state of world diseases is that domestic animals and wildlife are not experiencing epidemics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Malaria is caused by a parasite that is transmitted by mosquitoes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Health organizations now use the ______________, a tool to ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A) DALY; judge the total impact of the disease rather than only measuring how many people die 
B) DALY; judge the total impact of how many people die 
C) Morbidity Measure; judge the total impact of the disease rather than only measuring how many people die 
D) Morbidity Measure; judge the total impact of how many people die 
E) Mortality and Morbidity Measure (3M); judge the total impact of the disease rather than only measuring how many people die 
A) DALY; judge the total impact of the disease rather than only measuring how many people die 
B) DALY; judge the total impact of how many people die 
C) Morbidity Measure; judge the total impact of the disease rather than only measuring how many people die 
D) Morbidity Measure; judge the total impact of how many people die 
E) Mortality and Morbidity Measure (3M); judge the total impact of the disease rather than only measuring how many people die

Question 19

The dose/response curve shows that

Accepted Answer

A) Some exposure is necessary before most individuals respond 
B) Any exposure causes immediate response 
C) Response levels off as dosage increases 
D) The dose decreases as response increases 
E) All of these are represented by the dose/response curve 
A) Some exposure is necessary before most individuals respond 
B) Any exposure causes immediate response 
C) Response levels off as dosage increases 
D) The dose decreases as response increases 
E) All of these are represented by the dose/response curve

Question 20

Compare three possible dose/response curves resulting from low doses of a toxin.Use a drawing of all three curves in your discussion with appropriate labels.Explain the differences between these responses.

Accepted Answer

Should look like Fig

Exam 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology

Our bodies minimize the effects of toxic compounds by all of the following except

Sick-building syndrome is a result of exposure to ___________.

A group of cells that grow extremely fast and begin to obstruct other cells' functions is known as

Among the most important characteristics of chemicals in determining their environmental risks is/are

The DALY combines premature deaths and loss of healthy lives resulting from illness or injury.

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ________ well-being.

Historically, the greatest threats to human health came from

If 100 cups of strong coffee contain a lethal dose of caffeine, why don't coffee drinkers eventually die from caffeine overdose?

Biomagnification is a concentration of toxins

Which of the following statements is true?

A chemical interaction in which one substance exacerbates the effects of another is termed

The biomagnification of DDT demonstrates that

Radiation can act as a mutagen because it

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to

As a society, we usually focus attention on health risks that are

One positive aspect of the current state of world diseases is that domestic animals and wildlife are not experiencing epidemics.

Malaria is caused by a parasite that is transmitted by mosquitoes.

Health organizations now use the ______________, a tool to ______________________.

The dose/response curve shows that

Compare three possible dose/response curves resulting from low doses of a toxin.Use a drawing of all three curves in your discussion with appropriate labels.Explain the differences between these responses.

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Matter, Energy, and Life

Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Biomes

Population Biology

Human Populations

Food and Hunger

Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

Biodiversity

Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Ecological Economics

Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

What Then Shall We Do

Filters

Health organizations now use the , a tool to ________.