Question 1

Challenges to agency (such as EPA) rules and regulations are heard in _____ courts.

Accepted Answer

A) Statute 
B) Case law 
C) Administrative 
D) Common law 
E) Tort law 
A) Statute 
B) Case law 
C) Administrative 
D) Common law 
E) Tort law C

Question 2

Civil cases can be easier to win than criminal cases because the burden of proof does not only lie with the prosecution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Historically, international treaties and conventions were ________________ while more recently, they are characterized by ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A) Negotiated by a panel of experts with no nations participating; broad participation and increased speed in the agreements taking force 
B) Characterized by broad participation; a panel of experts with no participating nations 
C) Characterized by broad participation and increased speed in enforcement; a panel of experts with no participating nations and slow enforcement 
D) Characterized by increased speed in enforcement; a panel of experts with no participating nations and slow enforcement 
E) Negotiated by a panel of experts from nations that are participating; narrow participation and relatively slow action in the agreement taking force 
A) Negotiated by a panel of experts with no nations participating; broad participation and increased speed in the agreements taking force 
B) Characterized by broad participation; a panel of experts with no participating nations 
C) Characterized by broad participation and increased speed in enforcement; a panel of experts with no participating nations and slow enforcement 
D) Characterized by increased speed in enforcement; a panel of experts with no participating nations and slow enforcement 
E) Negotiated by a panel of experts from nations that are participating; narrow participation and relatively slow action in the agreement taking force A

Question 4

When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the environment, the precautionary principle would advocate more scientific research to determine if there is actual harm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

There were quite a few environmental laws that were passed in the 1970s.Why is it important for people living in the twenty-first century to be familiar with these and other more recent environmental laws? In your discussion, discuss at least four specific examples.

Accepted Answer

Laws are listed in Table 24.1, p.547 of

Question 6

Rather than directly suing a company for damages, it can be more effective to sue

Accepted Answer

A) The individuals who are employed by the company 
B) The government for not enforcing laws that would have prevented the damage 
C) The government for making the laws so stringent 
D) The owners of the company 
E) None of these; it is most effective to directly sue the company 
A) The individuals who are employed by the company 
B) The government for not enforcing laws that would have prevented the damage 
C) The government for making the laws so stringent 
D) The owners of the company 
E) None of these; it is most effective to directly sue the company

Question 7

Which of the following is not a problem associated with international agreements?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no body that can legislate international environmental protection. 
B) There is no body that can enforce international environmental protection. 
C) The agreements must be made by unanimous consent. 
D) The international court affects the sovereignty of noncompliant nations. 
E) All of these are problems associated with international agreements. 
A) There is no body that can legislate international environmental protection. 
B) There is no body that can enforce international environmental protection. 
C) The agreements must be made by unanimous consent. 
D) The international court affects the sovereignty of noncompliant nations. 
E) All of these are problems associated with international agreements.

Question 8

Authorizing amendments that have no relation to the appropriation bills they are attached to are called

Accepted Answer

A) Lobbyists 
B) Standings 
C) Precedents 
D) Tort laws 
E) Riders 
A) Lobbyists 
B) Standings 
C) Precedents 
D) Tort laws 
E) Riders

Question 9

Who normally identifies the problem in the policy cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) The government normally identifies issues for groups who do not recognize problems themselves. 
B) The government normally identifies issues for groups who do not have a voice (such as children) in the issue. 
C) The public identifies a problem and insists on help in correcting the problem. 
D) Either the public or the government identifies the issue, depending on the problem. 
E) None of these is correct. 
A) The government normally identifies issues for groups who do not recognize problems themselves. 
B) The government normally identifies issues for groups who do not have a voice (such as children) in the issue. 
C) The public identifies a problem and insists on help in correcting the problem. 
D) Either the public or the government identifies the issue, depending on the problem. 
E) None of these is correct.

Question 10

The most powerful component of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) has been the

Accepted Answer

A) Fact that it is a constitutional amendment guaranteeing the right to a clean environment to everyone 
B) Authorization of the Council on Environmental Quality board 
C) Fact that federal agencies must take into account environmental consequences when making decision 
D) Requirement of an Environmental Impact Statement for every major federal project 
E) Distribution of authority for environmental policy among different federal agencies 
A) Fact that it is a constitutional amendment guaranteeing the right to a clean environment to everyone 
B) Authorization of the Council on Environmental Quality board 
C) Fact that federal agencies must take into account environmental consequences when making decision 
D) Requirement of an Environmental Impact Statement for every major federal project 
E) Distribution of authority for environmental policy among different federal agencies

Question 11

After the results are evaluated, the next step in the policy cycle is to

Accepted Answer

A) Build support for the problem 
B) Develop proposals 
C) Set an agenda 
D) Suggest changes 
E) Implement policy 
A) Build support for the problem 
B) Develop proposals 
C) Set an agenda 
D) Suggest changes 
E) Implement policy

Question 12

In theory, appropriation bills are meant to

Accepted Answer

A) Determine policy 
B) Avoid and curtail lobbying 
C) Fund current programs and projects 
D) Change laws through constitutional amendments 
E) Be authorized to become law 
A) Determine policy 
B) Avoid and curtail lobbying 
C) Fund current programs and projects 
D) Change laws through constitutional amendments 
E) Be authorized to become law

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a drawback to rational choice policy?

Accepted Answer

A) It can be extremely difficult to quantify conflicting values and needs. 
B) Investments in existing programs and policies can prevent change. 
C) There is not enough data to construct models that calculate costs and benefits when there are many differing values at stake. 
D) There are many agreed-upon broad societal goals. 
E) All of these are drawbacks to rational choice policy. 
A) It can be extremely difficult to quantify conflicting values and needs. 
B) Investments in existing programs and policies can prevent change. 
C) There is not enough data to construct models that calculate costs and benefits when there are many differing values at stake. 
D) There are many agreed-upon broad societal goals. 
E) All of these are drawbacks to rational choice policy.

Question 14

After a problem is identified, the next step in the policy cycle is to

Accepted Answer

A) Build support for the problem 
B) Develop proposals 
C) Set an agenda 
D) Suggest changes 
E) Implement policy 
A) Build support for the problem 
B) Develop proposals 
C) Set an agenda 
D) Suggest changes 
E) Implement policy

Question 15

A precedent is important in ____________ law because _________________.

Accepted Answer

A) Statute; it determines whether participants have a right to be heard in court 
B) Case; it will be used as an example in subsequent trials 
C) Administrative; it determines whether participants have a right to be heard in court 
D) Statute; it will be used as an example in subsequent trials 
E) Statute, case, and administrative; it determines whether participants have a right to be heard in court 
A) Statute; it determines whether participants have a right to be heard in court 
B) Case; it will be used as an example in subsequent trials 
C) Administrative; it determines whether participants have a right to be heard in court 
D) Statute; it will be used as an example in subsequent trials 
E) Statute, case, and administrative; it determines whether participants have a right to be heard in court

Question 16

Why is lobbying so important?

Accepted Answer

A) Adding the amendments to appropriations bills changes policy. 
B) Since it is the first case to be heard, it will be used as an example in subsequent trials. 
C) Whether or not a participant has the right to be heard determines if the case will progress. 
D) Personal contacts are the most effective way to persuade a legislator. 
E) Compensations for damages can be costly to a company, and the company wants to avoid this action. 
A) Adding the amendments to appropriations bills changes policy. 
B) Since it is the first case to be heard, it will be used as an example in subsequent trials. 
C) Whether or not a participant has the right to be heard determines if the case will progress. 
D) Personal contacts are the most effective way to persuade a legislator. 
E) Compensations for damages can be costly to a company, and the company wants to avoid this action.

Question 17

Conservationists regard which of the following as their most powerful tool in protecting environmental quality?

Accepted Answer

A) NEPA 
B) ESA 
C) Clean Air Act 
D) National Forest Management Act 
E) Safe Drinking Water Act 
A) NEPA 
B) ESA 
C) Clean Air Act 
D) National Forest Management Act 
E) Safe Drinking Water Act

Question 18

Which of the following events did NOT have an influence on the rise of the modern environmental movement?

Accepted Answer

A) Rachel Carson's Silent Spring 
B) Improved technology (live satellite feeds) that enabled television stations to get visual footage on the news on a daily basis 
C) Public activism in the civil rights and anti-war movements 
D) The blowout of an oil well in the Santa Barbara Channel 
E) All of these had an influence on the rise of the modern environmental movement 
A) Rachel Carson's Silent Spring 
B) Improved technology (live satellite feeds) that enabled television stations to get visual footage on the news on a daily basis 
C) Public activism in the civil rights and anti-war movements 
D) The blowout of an oil well in the Santa Barbara Channel 
E) All of these had an influence on the rise of the modern environmental movement

Question 19

A major drawback of international treaties and conventions is that

Accepted Answer

A) There is too much time spent with government-to-government networking 
B) There is too much time spent with person-to-person networking 
C) They generally lack enforcement powers 
D) There is too much time spent with government-to-government networking and person-to-person networking and they generally lack enforcement powers 
E) There is too much time spent with government-to-government networking, there is too much time spent with person-to-person networking and they generally lack enforcement powers 
A) There is too much time spent with government-to-government networking 
B) There is too much time spent with person-to-person networking 
C) They generally lack enforcement powers 
D) There is too much time spent with government-to-government networking and person-to-person networking and they generally lack enforcement powers 
E) There is too much time spent with government-to-government networking, there is too much time spent with person-to-person networking and they generally lack enforcement powers

Question 20

You bought insurance and your agent hands you a policy.This is an example of a(n) _____ type of policy.

Accepted Answer

A) Informal 
B) Formal 
C) Tangible 
D) Intangible 
E) Transitory 
A) Informal 
B) Formal 
C) Tangible 
D) Intangible 
E) Transitory

Exam 24: Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

Challenges to agency (such as EPA) rules and regulations are heard in _____ courts.

Civil cases can be easier to win than criminal cases because the burden of proof does not only lie with the prosecution.

Historically, international treaties and conventions were ________________ while more recently, they are characterized by ___________________.

When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the environment, the precautionary principle would advocate more scientific research to determine if there is actual harm.

There were quite a few environmental laws that were passed in the 1970s.Why is it important for people living in the twenty-first century to be familiar with these and other more recent environmental laws? In your discussion, discuss at least four specific examples.

Rather than directly suing a company for damages, it can be more effective to sue

Which of the following is not a problem associated with international agreements?

Authorizing amendments that have no relation to the appropriation bills they are attached to are called

Who normally identifies the problem in the policy cycle?

The most powerful component of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) has been the

After the results are evaluated, the next step in the policy cycle is to

In theory, appropriation bills are meant to

Which of the following is NOT a drawback to rational choice policy?

After a problem is identified, the next step in the policy cycle is to

A precedent is important in ____________ law because _________________.

Why is lobbying so important?

Conservationists regard which of the following as their most powerful tool in protecting environmental quality?

Which of the following events did NOT have an influence on the rise of the modern environmental movement?

A major drawback of international treaties and conventions is that

You bought insurance and your agent hands you a policy.This is an example of a(n) _____ type of policy.

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Matter, Energy, and Life

Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Biomes

Population Biology

Human Populations

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Food and Hunger

Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

Biodiversity

Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Ecological Economics

What Then Shall We Do

Filters

Historically, international treaties and conventions were while more recently, they are characterized by ___.

A precedent is important in law because _____.