Question 1

-Which of the preserve shapes shown has the greatest interior area relative to perimeter area?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) All of the shapes have about the same interior/perimeter measurements 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) All of the shapes have about the same interior/perimeter measurements C

Question 2

What are the most endangered aquatic areas?

Accepted Answer

A) Mangrove forests 
B) Tide pools 
C) Coral reefs 
D) Sea mounts 
A) Mangrove forests 
B) Tide pools 
C) Coral reefs 
D) Sea mounts C

Question 3

Nomadic pastoralists live by

Accepted Answer

A) Foraging and hunting 
B) Raising seasonal crops 
C) Herding grazing animals 
D) Raising chickens, ducks, and pigs 
E) All of these are correct 
A) Foraging and hunting 
B) Raising seasonal crops 
C) Herding grazing animals 
D) Raising chickens, ducks, and pigs 
E) All of these are correct C

Question 4

Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it

Accepted Answer

A) Is the most environmentally sustainable type of harvest 
B) Is the most efficient way to get valuable small timber without disturbing the larger early successional trees 
C) Is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor 
D) Is the most effective way to refresh soil with sun and rain 
E) Does not waste any trees 
A) Is the most environmentally sustainable type of harvest 
B) Is the most efficient way to get valuable small timber without disturbing the larger early successional trees 
C) Is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor 
D) Is the most effective way to refresh soil with sun and rain 
E) Does not waste any trees

Question 5

International lending institutions are willing to cooperate in debt-for-nature swaps because

Accepted Answer

A) They want to encourage indigenous lifestyles 
B) They do not really expect to recover much of their loans 
C) They are concerned about the greenhouse effect 
D) The size of the loans is negligible 
E) They are attempting to support green business 
A) They want to encourage indigenous lifestyles 
B) They do not really expect to recover much of their loans 
C) They are concerned about the greenhouse effect 
D) The size of the loans is negligible 
E) They are attempting to support green business

Question 6

Developed countries produce __________ of all industrial wood and account for ________ of its consumption.

Accepted Answer

A) More than half; less than half 
B) Less than half; about 80% 
C) More than half; about 80% 
D) Less than half; about half 
E) Less than half; about 20% 
A) More than half; less than half 
B) Less than half; about 80% 
C) More than half; about 80% 
D) Less than half; about half 
E) Less than half; about 20%

Question 7

One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use ____________ to link smaller habitat areas.

Accepted Answer

A) Highways 
B) Eco-bridges 
C) Edge effects 
D) Corridors 
E) None of these is correct 
A) Highways 
B) Eco-bridges 
C) Edge effects 
D) Corridors 
E) None of these is correct

Question 8

_________, ___________, and ___________ are the largest producers of both paper pulp and industrial wood.

Accepted Answer

A) Costa Rica; Ecuador; Mexico 
B) Canada; Europe; the United Kingdom 
C) Brazil; Africa; Southeast Asia 
D) Russia; Canada; the United States 
E) Europe; Russia; Central Africa 
A) Costa Rica; Ecuador; Mexico 
B) Canada; Europe; the United Kingdom 
C) Brazil; Africa; Southeast Asia 
D) Russia; Canada; the United States 
E) Europe; Russia; Central Africa

Question 9

Which nation currently has the highest deforestation rate?

Accepted Answer

A) Burundi 
B) Russia 
C) Japan 
D) India 
E) Canada 
A) Burundi 
B) Russia 
C) Japan 
D) India 
E) Canada

Question 10

The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually

Accepted Answer

A) Gullying 
B) The absence of trees 
C) The compaction of soils 
D) Desertification 
E) The disappearance of palatable plant species 
A) Gullying 
B) The absence of trees 
C) The compaction of soils 
D) Desertification 
E) The disappearance of palatable plant species

Question 11

-Which of the preserve shapes shown is the worst shape for a species that requires a core area?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) All of the shapes have about the same measurements 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) All of the shapes have about the same measurements

Question 12

World deserts are

Accepted Answer

A) Decreasing as world climate becomes wetter 
B) Increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide 
C) Increasing because of logging and grazing 
D) Decreasing because of massive reforestation 
E) About the same in area but have many threatened species of plants 
A) Decreasing as world climate becomes wetter 
B) Increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide 
C) Increasing because of logging and grazing 
D) Decreasing because of massive reforestation 
E) About the same in area but have many threatened species of plants

Question 13

Which of the following statements about old-growth forests is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Humans do not reside in old-growth forests. 
B) Old-growth forests have been without disturbance of any kind for at least 100 years. 
C) The largest remaining areas of old-growth forests are in North America. 
D) They include temperate rainforests, tropical rainforests, boreal forests, and deciduous forests. 
E) None of the above is true. 
A) Humans do not reside in old-growth forests. 
B) Old-growth forests have been without disturbance of any kind for at least 100 years. 
C) The largest remaining areas of old-growth forests are in North America. 
D) They include temperate rainforests, tropical rainforests, boreal forests, and deciduous forests. 
E) None of the above is true.

Question 14

If managed carefully, ecotourism benefits natural areas by giving economic value to land and water resources

Accepted Answer

A) That have no other value 
B) That no one is interested in 
C) That never existed before 
D) Without destroying them 
E) All of these are economic benefits of carefully managed ecotourism 
A) That have no other value 
B) That no one is interested in 
C) That never existed before 
D) Without destroying them 
E) All of these are economic benefits of carefully managed ecotourism

Question 15

Grazing fees on public lands have changed little because

Accepted Answer

A) Political pressures ensure they remain low 
B) They remain at market value, so there is no reason to change them 
C) The public feels that the price is right 
D) Livestock owners cannot afford higher fees 
E) Political pressures ensure they remain high 
A) Political pressures ensure they remain low 
B) They remain at market value, so there is no reason to change them 
C) The public feels that the price is right 
D) Livestock owners cannot afford higher fees 
E) Political pressures ensure they remain high

Question 16

What does REDD stand for?

Accepted Answer

A) Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Dust 
B) Removing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation 
C) Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation 
D) Reducing Exploitation from Deforestation and forest Degredation 
A) Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Dust 
B) Removing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation 
C) Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation 
D) Reducing Exploitation from Deforestation and forest Degredation

Question 17

Of all the old-growth forests that stood in the United States before the European settlement, how much remains today?

Accepted Answer

A) About 50% 
B) About 35% 
C) Slightly over 25% 
D) About 15% 
E) Less than 10% 
A) About 50% 
B) About 35% 
C) Slightly over 25% 
D) About 15% 
E) Less than 10%

Question 18

What is the science that examines the relationship between the spatial patterns and ecological processes?

Accepted Answer

A) Systems ecology 
B) Landscape ecology 
C) Biology 
D) Conservation biology 
A) Systems ecology 
B) Landscape ecology 
C) Biology 
D) Conservation biology

Question 19

A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is

Accepted Answer

A) Utilitarian conservation 
B) Biocentric preservation 
C) Debt-for-nature swaps 
D) Ecosystem management 
E) Pastoralism 
A) Utilitarian conservation 
B) Biocentric preservation 
C) Debt-for-nature swaps 
D) Ecosystem management 
E) Pastoralism

Question 20

A disadvantage of monoculture forestry is that it is

Accepted Answer

A) Difficult to harvest with clear-cut methods 
B) Deficient in providing ecological services 
C) Difficult to replant 
D) Economically inefficient 
E) More time-consuming to replant 
A) Difficult to harvest with clear-cut methods 
B) Deficient in providing ecological services 
C) Difficult to replant 
D) Economically inefficient 
E) More time-consuming to replant

Exam 12: Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

-Which of the preserve shapes shown has the greatest interior area relative to perimeter area?

What are the most endangered aquatic areas?

Nomadic pastoralists live by

Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it

International lending institutions are willing to cooperate in debt-for-nature swaps because

Developed countries produce __________ of all industrial wood and account for ________ of its consumption.

One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use ____________ to link smaller habitat areas.

_________, ___________, and ___________ are the largest producers of both paper pulp and industrial wood.

Which nation currently has the highest deforestation rate?

The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually

-Which of the preserve shapes shown is the worst shape for a species that requires a core area?

World deserts are

Which of the following statements about old-growth forests is true?

If managed carefully, ecotourism benefits natural areas by giving economic value to land and water resources

Grazing fees on public lands have changed little because

What does REDD stand for?

Of all the old-growth forests that stood in the United States before the European settlement, how much remains today?

What is the science that examines the relationship between the spatial patterns and ecological processes?

A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is

A disadvantage of monoculture forestry is that it is

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Matter, Energy, and Life

Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Biomes

Population Biology

Human Populations

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Food and Hunger

Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

Biodiversity

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Ecological Economics

Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

What Then Shall We Do

Filters

Developed countries produce __ of all industrial wood and account for of its consumption.

___, _, and _______ are the largest producers of both paper pulp and industrial wood.