Question 1

MRSA is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) antibiotic resistant bacteria 
B) one of the many regulations that the EPA enforces 
C) a highly toxic and bioaccumulating substance 
D) Marine Response and Safety Association 
A) antibiotic resistant bacteria 
B) one of the many regulations that the EPA enforces 
C) a highly toxic and bioaccumulating substance 
D) Marine Response and Safety Association A

Question 2

Toxic substances are dangerous because they

Accepted Answer

A) React or interfere with specific cell functions 
B) Can physically remove or tear tissues 
C) Are usually synthetic 
D) Cause debilitating parasitic diseases 
E) Cause excessive water accumulation in tissues 
A) React or interfere with specific cell functions 
B) Can physically remove or tear tissues 
C) Are usually synthetic 
D) Cause debilitating parasitic diseases 
E) Cause excessive water accumulation in tissues A

Question 3

Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon

Accepted Answer

A) Scientific data 
B) Whimsical preference devoid of logic 
C) Logical reasoning about relative risks 
D) Personal biases and preferences as well as logic 
E) Statistical probabilities 
A) Scientific data 
B) Whimsical preference devoid of logic 
C) Logical reasoning about relative risks 
D) Personal biases and preferences as well as logic 
E) Statistical probabilities D

Question 4

Fat-soluble contaminants

Accepted Answer

A) Tend to accumulate in the surface water of aquatic habitats 
B) Are easily excreted by organisms 
C) Tend to accumulate in soil, sediments, and organisms 
D) Commonly biomagnify from lower to higher trophic levels 
E) Have very low bioconcentration factors 
A) Tend to accumulate in the surface water of aquatic habitats 
B) Are easily excreted by organisms 
C) Tend to accumulate in soil, sediments, and organisms 
D) Commonly biomagnify from lower to higher trophic levels 
E) Have very low bioconcentration factors

Question 5

Carcinogens are substances that cause

Accepted Answer

A) A sensitized reaction 
B) Out-of-control cell growth and tumors 
C) Birth defects 
D) Immune responses 
E) Carcinogens can cause all of these reactions 
A) A sensitized reaction 
B) Out-of-control cell growth and tumors 
C) Birth defects 
D) Immune responses 
E) Carcinogens can cause all of these reactions

Question 6

Individuals represented by the left end of the dose/response curve (responding to doses between 0 and 10 ppm) are ______________ for that population.

Accepted Answer

A) Very sensitive 
B) Very insensitive 
C) About average in sensitivity 
D) Relatively insensitive 
E) Relatively sensitive 
A) Very sensitive 
B) Very insensitive 
C) About average in sensitivity 
D) Relatively insensitive 
E) Relatively sensitive

Question 7

Cardiovascular disease is strongly related to which of these dietary factors?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin deficiencies 
B) A lack of cruciferous vegetables 
C) Excessive calorie consumption 
D) Protein imbalances 
E) High salt and fat intake 
A) Vitamin deficiencies 
B) A lack of cruciferous vegetables 
C) Excessive calorie consumption 
D) Protein imbalances 
E) High salt and fat intake

Question 8

Bioaccumulation is a term that describes the way cells

Accepted Answer

A) Grow as they absorb all types of molecules 
B) Selectively absorb and store molecules 
C) Accumulate food stores as fat 
D) Metabolize compounds that are absorbed 
E) Allow water-soluble compounds to pass through membranes 
A) Grow as they absorb all types of molecules 
B) Selectively absorb and store molecules 
C) Accumulate food stores as fat 
D) Metabolize compounds that are absorbed 
E) Allow water-soluble compounds to pass through membranes

Question 9

Individuals represented by the middle of the dose/response curve (responding to doses of 20 ppm) are ______________ for that population.

Accepted Answer

A) Very sensitive 
B) Very insensitive 
C) About average in sensitivity 
D) Relatively insensitive 
E) Relatively sensitive 
A) Very sensitive 
B) Very insensitive 
C) About average in sensitivity 
D) Relatively insensitive 
E) Relatively sensitive

Question 10

Hazardous substances ______________ while toxins are ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) React with specific cell components to kill cells; poisonous substances 
B) Are dangerous substances; poisonous substances 
C) Are usually of concern at all concentrations; dangerous substances 
D) Are poisonous substances; also poisonous substances 
E) None of the above is correct 
A) React with specific cell components to kill cells; poisonous substances 
B) Are dangerous substances; poisonous substances 
C) Are usually of concern at all concentrations; dangerous substances 
D) Are poisonous substances; also poisonous substances 
E) None of the above is correct

Question 11

Tumors can grow because of exposure to

Accepted Answer

A) Neurotoxins 
B) Mutagens 
C) Antigens 
D) Parasitic organisms 
E) Allergens 
A) Neurotoxins 
B) Mutagens 
C) Antigens 
D) Parasitic organisms 
E) Allergens

Question 12

Which of the following tissues is more likely to develop cancers?

Accepted Answer

A) Skin, because there is a high cellular reproduction rate to replace injured cells 
B) Eyes, because they are always exposed to light 
C) Fat, because of bioaccumulation 
D) Bones, because of the increased radiation in our environment 
E) No one tissue is more likely to develop cancer when compared to another type of tissue 
A) Skin, because there is a high cellular reproduction rate to replace injured cells 
B) Eyes, because they are always exposed to light 
C) Fat, because of bioaccumulation 
D) Bones, because of the increased radiation in our environment 
E) No one tissue is more likely to develop cancer when compared to another type of tissue

Question 13

Historically, which of the following considerations in setting standards for toxic exposure has been emphasized the least?

Accepted Answer

A) Including information about how toxins affect natural ecological systems 
B) Different members of the population have different sensitivities to toxins 
C) Including information about both chronic and acute exposures to a toxin 
D) Individuals in the human population have been exposed to many different kinds of toxins that may have additive or synergistic effects 
E) All of these considerations have been used and are important in setting policy 
A) Including information about how toxins affect natural ecological systems 
B) Different members of the population have different sensitivities to toxins 
C) Including information about both chronic and acute exposures to a toxin 
D) Individuals in the human population have been exposed to many different kinds of toxins that may have additive or synergistic effects 
E) All of these considerations have been used and are important in setting policy

Question 14

Which of the following is not a problem with generalizing the results of LD50 to humans?

Accepted Answer

A) Closely related species can have different reactions. 
B) Different individuals of the same species can have different reactions. 
C) Differences in physiology and metabolism can lead to different reactions. 
D) Smaller species generally have reactions that are more sensitive. 
E) Differences in metabolism can lead to different reactions. 
A) Closely related species can have different reactions. 
B) Different individuals of the same species can have different reactions. 
C) Differences in physiology and metabolism can lead to different reactions. 
D) Smaller species generally have reactions that are more sensitive. 
E) Differences in metabolism can lead to different reactions.

Question 15

Which of the following factors would explain the seemingly irrational behavior of a father who smokes (high-risk factor for baby) but throws away his baby's teething rings that may contain phthalates (seemingly low-risk factor for baby)?

Accepted Answer

A) People tend to downplay risks that are associated with activities they are committed to or enjoy. 
B) Most people do not understand the concepts of probability. 
C) News media can give a biased view of hazards. 
D) People tend to have an irrational fear of certain technologies that are not as well understood. 
E) All of these factors can lead to the relatively irrational behavior demonstrated by the father. 
A) People tend to downplay risks that are associated with activities they are committed to or enjoy. 
B) Most people do not understand the concepts of probability. 
C) News media can give a biased view of hazards. 
D) People tend to have an irrational fear of certain technologies that are not as well understood. 
E) All of these factors can lead to the relatively irrational behavior demonstrated by the father.

Question 16

Some soft vinyls are softened with a potential carcinogen, phthalate plasticizers, that may leach out if a baby chews on the product.Discuss whether or not you would be worried about phthalates (and therefore not allow your child to have them) if you had a child.Use at least three items that support your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

You would most likely be worried because

Question 17

Diseases such as cholera and ebola are

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by pathogenic organisms 
B) Called communicable diseases 
C) Called emergent diseases 
D) All of these are characteristics of diseases such as cholera and ebola 
A) Caused by pathogenic organisms 
B) Called communicable diseases 
C) Called emergent diseases 
D) All of these are characteristics of diseases such as cholera and ebola

Question 18

Some particles or cells cause immune responses when your body's white blood cells recognize them as foreign objects.These are known as

Accepted Answer

A) Desensitizers 
B) Antigens 
C) Active asphyxiants 
D) Irritants 
E) Pollutants 
A) Desensitizers 
B) Antigens 
C) Active asphyxiants 
D) Irritants 
E) Pollutants

Question 19

Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon

Accepted Answer

A) How many chemicals are present 
B) How many individuals respond to them at a certain dosage 
C) The sensitivity of measuring techniques and how many chemicals are present 
D) Whether or not individuals or groups of individuals are sensitive to them 
E) Whether or not groups of individuals are sensitive to them 
A) How many chemicals are present 
B) How many individuals respond to them at a certain dosage 
C) The sensitivity of measuring techniques and how many chemicals are present 
D) Whether or not individuals or groups of individuals are sensitive to them 
E) Whether or not groups of individuals are sensitive to them

Question 20

The saying "the dose makes the poison" means that

Accepted Answer

A) Almost nothing is toxic at low levels 
B) Nearly anything can be toxic at some level 
C) Some things are more poisonous than other things 
D) Toxic materials are measured in doses of lethal amounts 
E) All things are equally poisonous at equal doses 
A) Almost nothing is toxic at low levels 
B) Nearly anything can be toxic at some level 
C) Some things are more poisonous than other things 
D) Toxic materials are measured in doses of lethal amounts 
E) All things are equally poisonous at equal doses

Exam 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology

MRSA is an example of

Toxic substances are dangerous because they

Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon

Fat-soluble contaminants

Carcinogens are substances that cause

Individuals represented by the left end of the dose/response curve (responding to doses between 0 and 10 ppm) are ______________ for that population.

Cardiovascular disease is strongly related to which of these dietary factors?

Bioaccumulation is a term that describes the way cells

Individuals represented by the middle of the dose/response curve (responding to doses of 20 ppm) are ______________ for that population.

Hazardous substances ______________ while toxins are ______________.

Tumors can grow because of exposure to

Which of the following tissues is more likely to develop cancers?

Historically, which of the following considerations in setting standards for toxic exposure has been emphasized the least?

Which of the following is not a problem with generalizing the results of LD50 to humans?

Which of the following factors would explain the seemingly irrational behavior of a father who smokes (high-risk factor for baby) but throws away his baby's teething rings that may contain phthalates (seemingly low-risk factor for baby)?

Diseases such as cholera and ebola are

Some particles or cells cause immune responses when your body's white blood cells recognize them as foreign objects.These are known as

Detection of toxic chemicals depends upon

The saying "the dose makes the poison" means that

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Matter, Energy, and Life

Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Biomes

Population Biology

Human Populations

Food and Hunger

Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

Biodiversity

Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Ecological Economics

Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

What Then Shall We Do

Filters

Hazardous substances while toxins are .