Question 1

If you wanted to go to sleep at 11 pm, the best time to take melatonin would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  at the time you go to bed. 
B)  about 9 pm. 
C)  when you wake up that morning. 
D)  at lunchtime. 
A)  at the time you go to bed. 
B)  about 9 pm. 
C)  when you wake up that morning. 
D)  at lunchtime.

Question 2

Social stimuli - that is, the effects of other people - are weak ____, unless they induce exercise or other vigorous activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  effects 
B)  motivators 
C)  rhythms 
D)  zeitgebers 
A)  effects 
B)  motivators 
C)  rhythms 
D)  zeitgebers

Question 3

When the PER and TIM levels are low, they result in:

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  insomnia. 
C)  sleepiness. 
D)  wakefulness. 
A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  insomnia. 
C)  sleepiness. 
D)  wakefulness.

Question 4

The onset of REM sleep begins with activity in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal cortex. 
B)  pons. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  cerebellum. 
A)  prefrontal cortex. 
B)  pons. 
C)  medulla. 
D)  cerebellum.

Question 5

The EEG record for REM sleep is most similar to which other sleep stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  stage 4 
A)  stage 1 
B)  stage 2 
C)  stage 3 
D)  stage 4

Question 6

Temporary sleep deprivation causes the body to respond in a similar manner as it does to being ill.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What does an electroencephalograph measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  action potentials in an individual neuron 
B)  the electrical resistance of the scalp 
C)  the rate of glucose uptake in active regions of the brain 
D)  the average of the electrical potentials of the cells in a given region of the brain 
A)  action potentials in an individual neuron 
B)  the electrical resistance of the scalp 
C)  the rate of glucose uptake in active regions of the brain 
D)  the average of the electrical potentials of the cells in a given region of the brain

Question 8

Which of the following has often been interpreted as an intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Narcolepsy 
B)  Sleep apnea 
C)  REM behavior disorder 
D)  Somnambulism 
A)  Narcolepsy 
B)  Sleep apnea 
C)  REM behavior disorder 
D)  Somnambulism

Question 9

What is narcolepsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleepwalking 
B)  The inability to breathe while sleeping 
C)  Involuntary movements of the limbs while sleeping 
D)  Sudden periods of sleepiness during the day 
A)  Sleepwalking 
B)  The inability to breathe while sleeping 
C)  Involuntary movements of the limbs while sleeping 
D)  Sudden periods of sleepiness during the day

Question 10

The dominant zeitgeber for land animals is light.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Orexin is not necessary for waking up, but it is for staying awake.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, what do dreams reflect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The brain's attempt to make sense of spontaneous neural activity 
B)  Unconscious motivations and emotions 
C)  Experiences that have been part of the species' evolutionary history 
D)  An imbalance among hormone levels 
A)  The brain's attempt to make sense of spontaneous neural activity 
B)  Unconscious motivations and emotions 
C)  Experiences that have been part of the species' evolutionary history 
D)  An imbalance among hormone levels

Question 13

The onset of sleep requires active brain processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What happens if people live in an environment in which the cycle of light and dark is other than 24 hours?

Accepted Answer

A)  Within a few days, they adjust to waking and sleeping on the new schedule, whatever it is. 
B)  They adjust better if the cycle is some multiple of 24 (e.g., 48). 
C)  They adjust better if the cycle is close to 24 (e.g., 25). 
D)  They fail to adjust at all. 
A)  Within a few days, they adjust to waking and sleeping on the new schedule, whatever it is. 
B)  They adjust better if the cycle is some multiple of 24 (e.g., 48). 
C)  They adjust better if the cycle is close to 24 (e.g., 25). 
D)  They fail to adjust at all.

Question 15

How is the circadian rhythm of adult hamsters affected after transplanting SCN tissue from hamster fetuses with abnormal (20 hour) circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no change from their previous 24 hour cycle. 
B)  It depends on the age of the adult hamsters. 
C)  The adult hamsters adopted the rhythm of the transplanted tissue. 
D)  All indications of a cycle disappeared. 
A)  There is no change from their previous 24 hour cycle. 
B)  It depends on the age of the adult hamsters. 
C)  The adult hamsters adopted the rhythm of the transplanted tissue. 
D)  All indications of a cycle disappeared.

Question 16

Researchers have demonstrated that the expression of the SCN genes can be changed through:

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure of the eyes to light. 
B)  barometric pressure. 
C)  the diet. 
D)  morning exercise. 
A)  exposure of the eyes to light. 
B)  barometric pressure. 
C)  the diet. 
D)  morning exercise.

Question 17

Cells in the basal forebrain increase arousal and wakefulness by releasing:

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  acetylcholine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  serotonin. 
A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  acetylcholine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  serotonin.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true about hibernation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The longer an animal spends in hibernation, the shorter its life expectancy. 
B)  During hibernation, an animal's body temperature drops. 
C)  Pet hamsters sometimes hibernate. 
D)  An extract from the brain of a hibernating animal can cause another animal to lower its body temperature. 
A)  The longer an animal spends in hibernation, the shorter its life expectancy. 
B)  During hibernation, an animal's body temperature drops. 
C)  Pet hamsters sometimes hibernate. 
D)  An extract from the brain of a hibernating animal can cause another animal to lower its body temperature.

Question 19

During ____, cells in the pons send messages that inhibit the motor neurons that control the body's large muscles.

Accepted Answer

A)  wakefulness 
B)  REM sleep 
C)  NREM sleep 
D)  transition from wakefulness to sleep or sleep to wakefulness 
A)  wakefulness 
B)  REM sleep 
C)  NREM sleep 
D)  transition from wakefulness to sleep or sleep to wakefulness

Question 20

Similar to the effects of sleep apnea, rats that are repeatedly oxygen-deprived lose neurons throughout the cortex and hippocampus, causing impairments in:

Accepted Answer

A)  learning and memory. 
B)  dreaming. 
C)  respiratory reflexes. 
D)  appetite. 
A)  learning and memory. 
B)  dreaming. 
C)  respiratory reflexes. 
D)  appetite.

If you wanted to go to sleep at 11 pm, the best time to take melatonin would be:

Social stimuli - that is, the effects of other people - are weak ____, unless they induce exercise or other vigorous activity.

When the PER and TIM levels are low, they result in:

The onset of REM sleep begins with activity in the:

The EEG record for REM sleep is most similar to which other sleep stage?

Temporary sleep deprivation causes the body to respond in a similar manner as it does to being ill.

What does an electroencephalograph measure?

Which of the following has often been interpreted as an intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness?

What is narcolepsy?

The dominant zeitgeber for land animals is light.

Orexin is not necessary for waking up, but it is for staying awake.

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, what do dreams reflect?

The onset of sleep requires active brain processes.

What happens if people live in an environment in which the cycle of light and dark is other than 24 hours?

How is the circadian rhythm of adult hamsters affected after transplanting SCN tissue from hamster fetuses with abnormal (20 hour) circadian rhythms?

Researchers have demonstrated that the expression of the SCN genes can be changed through:

Cells in the basal forebrain increase arousal and wakefulness by releasing:

Which of the following is NOT true about hibernation?

During ____, cells in the pons send messages that inhibit the motor neurons that control the body's large muscles.

Similar to the effects of sleep apnea, rats that are repeatedly oxygen-deprived lose neurons throughout the cortex and hippocampus, causing impairments in:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 9: Wakefulness and Sleep

If you wanted to go to sleep at 11 pm, the best time to take melatonin would be:

Social stimuli - that is, the effects of other people - are weak ____, unless they induce exercise or other vigorous activity.

When the PER and TIM levels are low, they result in:

The onset of REM sleep begins with activity in the:

The EEG record for REM sleep is most similar to which other sleep stage?

Temporary sleep deprivation causes the body to respond in a similar manner as it does to being ill.

What does an electroencephalograph measure?

Which of the following has often been interpreted as an intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness?

What is narcolepsy?

The dominant zeitgeber for land animals is light.

Orexin is not necessary for waking up, but it is for staying awake.

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, what do dreams reflect?

The onset of sleep requires active brain processes.

What happens if people live in an environment in which the cycle of light and dark is other than 24 hours?

How is the circadian rhythm of adult hamsters affected after transplanting SCN tissue from hamster fetuses with abnormal (20 hour) circadian rhythms?

Researchers have demonstrated that the expression of the SCN genes can be changed through:

Cells in the basal forebrain increase arousal and wakefulness by releasing:

Which of the following is NOT true about hibernation?

During ____, cells in the pons send messages that inhibit the motor neurons that control the body's large muscles.

Similar to the effects of sleep apnea, rats that are repeatedly oxygen-deprived lose neurons throughout the cortex and hippocampus, causing impairments in:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters