Question 1

In one family that has a mutation in the gene responsible for their PER protein, behavior changed in what way?

Accepted Answer

A)  They had REM sleep but no non-REM sleep. 
B)  They sometimes experienced several consecutive days of insomnia. 
C)  They liked to go to bed early and wake up early. 
D)  They suffered sudden attacks of sleepiness during the day. 
A)  They had REM sleep but no non-REM sleep. 
B)  They sometimes experienced several consecutive days of insomnia. 
C)  They liked to go to bed early and wake up early. 
D)  They suffered sudden attacks of sleepiness during the day. C

Question 2

The circadian rhythm is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells are unusual in that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  receive input from only cones, not rods. 
B)  are located only in a doughnut-shaped band surrounding the fovea. 
C)  respond directly to light, but respond very slowly. 
D)  become active only at night or in very dim light. 
A)  receive input from only cones, not rods. 
B)  are located only in a doughnut-shaped band surrounding the fovea. 
C)  respond directly to light, but respond very slowly. 
D)  become active only at night or in very dim light. C

Question 3

Suppose you fell into a cave and lost your watch. Without any time cues, your circadian rhythm would:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase dramatically over time. 
B)  cease to exist. 
C)  decrease over time. 
D)  remain relatively stable. 
A)  increase dramatically over time. 
B)  cease to exist. 
C)  decrease over time. 
D)  remain relatively stable. D

Question 4

After damage to the floor of the pons, what happens during a cat's REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  The eyes move vertically instead of horizontally. 
B)  Heart rate becomes steadier. 
C)  Breathing rate decreases. 
D)  The cat's muscles are not relaxed. 
A)  The eyes move vertically instead of horizontally. 
B)  Heart rate becomes steadier. 
C)  Breathing rate decreases. 
D)  The cat's muscles are not relaxed.

Question 5

Alteration of the per gene in humans is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  prolonged circadian rhythms. 
B)  shortened circadian rhythms. 
C)  absence of circadian rhythms. 
D)  narcolepsy. 
A)  prolonged circadian rhythms. 
B)  shortened circadian rhythms. 
C)  absence of circadian rhythms. 
D)  narcolepsy.

Question 6

The retinohypothalamic path to the SCN comes from a special population of retinal ganglion cells that have their own photopigment, called:

Accepted Answer

A)  circaopsin. 
B)  photopsin 
C)  rodopsin. 
D)  melanopsin. 
A)  circaopsin. 
B)  photopsin 
C)  rodopsin. 
D)  melanopsin.

Question 7

The biological clock depends on part of the hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The role of the reticular formation in arousal is that it is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the single, critical system in arousing the cortex. 
B)  only one of several systems involved in arousal. 
C)  activated only by external stimuli. 
D)  activated only by internal stimuli. 
A)  the single, critical system in arousing the cortex. 
B)  only one of several systems involved in arousal. 
C)  activated only by external stimuli. 
D)  activated only by internal stimuli.

Question 9

What are the dreamlike experiences at the onset of sleep that are difficult to distinguish from reality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypnagogic hallucinations 
B)  Idiopathic hallucinations 
C)  Occipital illusions 
D)  Pseudo-psychedelic visions 
A)  Hypnagogic hallucinations 
B)  Idiopathic hallucinations 
C)  Occipital illusions 
D)  Pseudo-psychedelic visions

Question 10

Inactivation of the 'Tim' protein resets the biological clock.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Dreams only occur during REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is more common during REM sleep than during NREM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep talking 
B)  sleepwalking 
C)  nightmares 
D)  night terrors 
A)  sleep talking 
B)  sleepwalking 
C)  nightmares 
D)  night terrors

Question 13

Provide three explanations for why we sleep.

Accepted Answer

We sleep to allow the body to recover fr

Question 14

Alpha waves are characteristic of what type of activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  NREM sleep 
B)  Nightmares 
C)  relaxed wakefulness 
D)  periods of great excitement 
A)  NREM sleep 
B)  Nightmares 
C)  relaxed wakefulness 
D)  periods of great excitement

Question 15

For a normal person, about how long does a cycle of sleep (from stage 1 to stage 4 and back again) last?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 minutes 
B)  90 minutes 
C)  4 hours 
D)  7 hours 
A)  10 minutes 
B)  90 minutes 
C)  4 hours 
D)  7 hours

Question 16

When do the secretions of melatonin begin?

Accepted Answer

A)  just before a person awakens 
B)  when body temperature is at its lowest 
C)  when body temperature is at its highest 
D)  a couple of hours before a person naturally falls asleep 
A)  just before a person awakens 
B)  when body temperature is at its lowest 
C)  when body temperature is at its highest 
D)  a couple of hours before a person naturally falls asleep

Question 17

Stimulation of the pontomesencephalon:

Accepted Answer

A)  awakens a sleeping individual. 
B)  decreases alertness in someone already awake. 
C)  shifts the EEG from short waves to long, slow waves. 
D)  delays the onset of the next REM period. 
A)  awakens a sleeping individual. 
B)  decreases alertness in someone already awake. 
C)  shifts the EEG from short waves to long, slow waves. 
D)  delays the onset of the next REM period.

Question 18

Melanopsin is required for producing circadian rhythms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What does "endogenous" mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  occurring at regular intervals 
B)  learned 
C)  sensitive to light/dark patterns 
D)  generated from within 
A)  occurring at regular intervals 
B)  learned 
C)  sensitive to light/dark patterns 
D)  generated from within

Question 20

The SCN produces circadian rhythms by altering:

Accepted Answer

A)  blood pressure. 
B)  production of proteins. 
C)  action potential velocity. 
D)  axon myelination. 
A)  blood pressure. 
B)  production of proteins. 
C)  action potential velocity. 
D)  axon myelination.

In one family that has a mutation in the gene responsible for their PER protein, behavior changed in what way?

The circadian rhythm is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells are unusual in that they:

Suppose you fell into a cave and lost your watch. Without any time cues, your circadian rhythm would:

After damage to the floor of the pons, what happens during a cat's REM sleep?

Alteration of the per gene in humans is associated with:

The retinohypothalamic path to the SCN comes from a special population of retinal ganglion cells that have their own photopigment, called:

The biological clock depends on part of the hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

The role of the reticular formation in arousal is that it is:

What are the dreamlike experiences at the onset of sleep that are difficult to distinguish from reality?

Inactivation of the 'Tim' protein resets the biological clock.

Dreams only occur during REM sleep.

Which of the following is more common during REM sleep than during NREM sleep?

Provide three explanations for why we sleep.

Alpha waves are characteristic of what type of activity?

For a normal person, about how long does a cycle of sleep (from stage 1 to stage 4 and back again) last?

When do the secretions of melatonin begin?

Stimulation of the pontomesencephalon:

Melanopsin is required for producing circadian rhythms.

What does "endogenous" mean?

The SCN produces circadian rhythms by altering:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 9: Wakefulness and Sleep

In one family that has a mutation in the gene responsible for their PER protein, behavior changed in what way?

The circadian rhythm is reset by input from special ganglion cells in the retina. These ganglion cells are unusual in that they:

Suppose you fell into a cave and lost your watch. Without any time cues, your circadian rhythm would:

After damage to the floor of the pons, what happens during a cat's REM sleep?

Alteration of the per gene in humans is associated with:

The retinohypothalamic path to the SCN comes from a special population of retinal ganglion cells that have their own photopigment, called:

The biological clock depends on part of the hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

The role of the reticular formation in arousal is that it is:

What are the dreamlike experiences at the onset of sleep that are difficult to distinguish from reality?

Inactivation of the 'Tim' protein resets the biological clock.

Dreams only occur during REM sleep.

Which of the following is more common during REM sleep than during NREM sleep?

Provide three explanations for why we sleep.

Alpha waves are characteristic of what type of activity?

For a normal person, about how long does a cycle of sleep (from stage 1 to stage 4 and back again) last?

When do the secretions of melatonin begin?

Stimulation of the pontomesencephalon:

Melanopsin is required for producing circadian rhythms.

What does "endogenous" mean?

The SCN produces circadian rhythms by altering:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters