Question 1

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness. What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic rates increase at night, so proteins are digested faster than they can be synthesized. 
B)  The high levels of melatonin present at night react with the proteins to disable them. 
C)  The proteins are unstable at the lower body temperatures that are typical at night. 
D)  When the proteins reach a high level, they turn off the genes that produce them. 
A)  Metabolic rates increase at night, so proteins are digested faster than they can be synthesized. 
B)  The high levels of melatonin present at night react with the proteins to disable them. 
C)  The proteins are unstable at the lower body temperatures that are typical at night. 
D)  When the proteins reach a high level, they turn off the genes that produce them.

Question 2

People with REM behavior disorder:

Accepted Answer

A)  show intrusions of REM sleep into wakefulness. 
B)  show bizarre behaviors while awake due to REM deprivation at night. 
C)  enter REM sleep at unusual and unpredictable times. 
D)  move vigorously during REM, apparently acting out their dreams. 
A)  show intrusions of REM sleep into wakefulness. 
B)  show bizarre behaviors while awake due to REM deprivation at night. 
C)  enter REM sleep at unusual and unpredictable times. 
D)  move vigorously during REM, apparently acting out their dreams.

Question 3

Arousal seems to be regulated by a single structure in the brainstem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In response to meaningful events, the locus coeruleus releases:

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  acetylcholine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  serotonin. 
A)  norepinephrine. 
B)  acetylcholine. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  serotonin.

Question 5

When traveling across time zones, adjustments are easier when traveling which direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Travel to the east is easier. 
B)  Travel to the west is easier. 
C)  There is no difference. 
D)  It varies greatly from person to person. 
A)  Travel to the east is easier. 
B)  Travel to the west is easier. 
C)  There is no difference. 
D)  It varies greatly from person to person.

Question 6

How do sleep stages 3 and 4 differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  body position 
B)  percentage of REM 
C)  percentage of serotonin that is released 
D)  percentage of slow, low amplitude waves 
A)  body position 
B)  percentage of REM 
C)  percentage of serotonin that is released 
D)  percentage of slow, low amplitude waves

Question 7

The retinohypothalamic path extends directly from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  SCN to the hypothalamus. 
B)  retina to the SCN. 
C)  hypothalamus to the SCN. 
D)  retina to the cortex. 
A)  SCN to the hypothalamus. 
B)  retina to the SCN. 
C)  hypothalamus to the SCN. 
D)  retina to the cortex.

Question 8

Circadian cycles are to ____ as circannual cycles are to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  light-dark; temperature 
B)  endogenous; exogenous 
C)  mating; hibernating 
D)  daily; yearly 
A)  light-dark; temperature 
B)  endogenous; exogenous 
C)  mating; hibernating 
D)  daily; yearly

Question 9

What is a likely consequence if someone's temperature rhythm is phase-delayed?

Accepted Answer

A)  waking up frequently during the night 
B)  having problems going to sleep after losing your job 
C)  difficulty falling asleep 
D)  not breathing during the night 
A)  waking up frequently during the night 
B)  having problems going to sleep after losing your job 
C)  difficulty falling asleep 
D)  not breathing during the night

Question 10

List the stages of sleep including their dominant electrophysiological marker.

Accepted Answer

Stage I: slow wave sleep, alph

Question 11

What happens after damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus itself?

Accepted Answer

A)  Light no longer resets the biological clock, but the animal continues generating a 24-hour rhythm. 
B)  Animals' activity patterns become less consistent and no longer respond to light and dark cycles. 
C)  Animals lose their biological rhythms of temperature, but keep other circadian rhythms. 
D)  Animals begin to maintain a constant level of activity throughout the 24-hour day. 
A)  Light no longer resets the biological clock, but the animal continues generating a 24-hour rhythm. 
B)  Animals' activity patterns become less consistent and no longer respond to light and dark cycles. 
C)  Animals lose their biological rhythms of temperature, but keep other circadian rhythms. 
D)  Animals begin to maintain a constant level of activity throughout the 24-hour day.

Question 12

For which species does REM sleep compose the largest percentage of total sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  species that get a great deal of sleep 
B)  species that sleep very little 
C)  humans, dolphins, and others with a large brain 
D)  the aged members of any species 
A)  species that get a great deal of sleep 
B)  species that sleep very little 
C)  humans, dolphins, and others with a large brain 
D)  the aged members of any species

Question 13

Which of the following occurs as a normal night's sleep progresses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stage 4 and REM both increase. 
B)  Stage 4 and REM both decrease. 
C)  Stage 4 increases, while REM decreases. 
D)  Stage 4 decreases, while REM increases. 
A)  Stage 4 and REM both increase. 
B)  Stage 4 and REM both decrease. 
C)  Stage 4 increases, while REM decreases. 
D)  Stage 4 decreases, while REM increases.

Question 14

Someone who considers herself a "morning person" should take college classes at what time of the day?

Accepted Answer

A)  right after lunch 
B)  in the late evening 
C)  early morning 
D)  after sleep deprivation 
A)  right after lunch 
B)  in the late evening 
C)  early morning 
D)  after sleep deprivation

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT associated with REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased probability of dreaming 
B)  facial twitches 
C)  EEG pattern resembling wakefulness 
D)  tense and active postural muscles 
A)  increased probability of dreaming 
B)  facial twitches 
C)  EEG pattern resembling wakefulness 
D)  tense and active postural muscles

Question 16

EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the EEG measures muscle tension, which also decreases. 
B)  neurons are becoming more synchronized. 
C)  neurons are becoming more desynchronized. 
D)  blood flow is increasing. 
A)  the EEG measures muscle tension, which also decreases. 
B)  neurons are becoming more synchronized. 
C)  neurons are becoming more desynchronized. 
D)  blood flow is increasing.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is unreliable in most species, and dependably close to 24 hours only in primates. 
B)  It is longer if the organism is normally active in the dark. 
C)  There is little or no variability from one individual to another. 
D)  It is highly consistent in a given individual in a given environment. 
A)  It is unreliable in most species, and dependably close to 24 hours only in primates. 
B)  It is longer if the organism is normally active in the dark. 
C)  There is little or no variability from one individual to another. 
D)  It is highly consistent in a given individual in a given environment.

Question 18

People with a mutation in their per gene are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  wake up early. 
B)  go to bed late. 
C)  wake up late. 
D)  have high melatonin levels. 
A)  wake up early. 
B)  go to bed late. 
C)  wake up late. 
D)  have high melatonin levels.

Question 19

Research suggests that REM is:

Accepted Answer

A)  important for all types of memory. 
B)  most important for strengthening memories of motor skills. 
C)  most important for strengthening memories of lists of words. 
D)  not important for strengthening memories of any kind. 
A)  important for all types of memory. 
B)  most important for strengthening memories of motor skills. 
C)  most important for strengthening memories of lists of words. 
D)  not important for strengthening memories of any kind.

Question 20

Repeated involuntary movements of the arms and legs that may prevent a person from falling asleep are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  REM behavior disorder. 
B)  night terrors. 
C)  periodic limb movement disorder. 
D)  restless legs syndrome. 
A)  REM behavior disorder. 
B)  night terrors. 
C)  periodic limb movement disorder. 
D)  restless legs syndrome.

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness. What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?

People with REM behavior disorder:

Arousal seems to be regulated by a single structure in the brainstem.

In response to meaningful events, the locus coeruleus releases:

When traveling across time zones, adjustments are easier when traveling which direction?

How do sleep stages 3 and 4 differ?

The retinohypothalamic path extends directly from the:

Circadian cycles are to as circannual cycles are to .

What is a likely consequence if someone's temperature rhythm is phase-delayed?

List the stages of sleep including their dominant electrophysiological marker.

What happens after damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus itself?

For which species does REM sleep compose the largest percentage of total sleep?

Which of the following occurs as a normal night's sleep progresses?

Someone who considers herself a "morning person" should take college classes at what time of the day?

Which of the following is NOT associated with REM sleep?

EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because:

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?

People with a mutation in their per gene are more likely to:

Research suggests that REM is:

Repeated involuntary movements of the arms and legs that may prevent a person from falling asleep are known as:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 9: Wakefulness and Sleep

The PER and TIM proteins accumulate during the day until they cause sleepiness. What prevents them from continuing to accumulate at night?

People with REM behavior disorder:

Arousal seems to be regulated by a single structure in the brainstem.

In response to meaningful events, the locus coeruleus releases:

When traveling across time zones, adjustments are easier when traveling which direction?

How do sleep stages 3 and 4 differ?

The retinohypothalamic path extends directly from the:

Circadian cycles are to ____ as circannual cycles are to ____.

What is a likely consequence if someone's temperature rhythm is phase-delayed?

List the stages of sleep including their dominant electrophysiological marker.

What happens after damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus itself?

For which species does REM sleep compose the largest percentage of total sleep?

Which of the following occurs as a normal night's sleep progresses?

Someone who considers herself a "morning person" should take college classes at what time of the day?

Which of the following is NOT associated with REM sleep?

EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because:

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?

People with a mutation in their per gene are more likely to:

Research suggests that REM is:

Repeated involuntary movements of the arms and legs that may prevent a person from falling asleep are known as:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Circadian cycles are to as circannual cycles are to .