Question 1

Describe the neuroanatomy of arousal and attention.

Accepted Answer

The neuroanatomy of arousal and attentio

Question 2

The retinohypothalamic pathway receives input from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  retinal ganglion cells that respond directly to light. 
B)  occipital cortex. 
C)  SCN. 
D)  LGN. 
A)  retinal ganglion cells that respond directly to light. 
B)  occipital cortex. 
C)  SCN. 
D)  LGN.

Question 3

A small branch of the optic nerve, known as the ____ extends directly from the retina to the SCN.

Accepted Answer

A)  opticthalamic path 
B)  retinohypothalamic path 
C)  opticretinal path 
D)  retinothalamic path 
A)  opticthalamic path 
B)  retinohypothalamic path 
C)  opticretinal path 
D)  retinothalamic path

Question 4

Why will taking a melatonin pill in the evening have little effect on sleepiness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Body temperature is too low. 
B)  Body temperature is too high. 
C)  The pineal gland is only active in the morning. 
D)  The pineal gland produces melatonin at that time anyway. 
A)  Body temperature is too low. 
B)  Body temperature is too high. 
C)  The pineal gland is only active in the morning. 
D)  The pineal gland produces melatonin at that time anyway.

Question 5

People with REM sleep disorder most likely have:

Accepted Answer

A)  damage in the pons and midbrain. 
B)  damage to areas of the brain that normally produce movements during REM. 
C)  restricted oxygen intake during sleep due to factors associated with obesity. 
D)  abnormally high levels of serotonin in the brain. 
A)  damage in the pons and midbrain. 
B)  damage to areas of the brain that normally produce movements during REM. 
C)  restricted oxygen intake during sleep due to factors associated with obesity. 
D)  abnormally high levels of serotonin in the brain.

Question 6

Briefly describe the role of the locus coeruleus in arousal and attention.

Accepted Answer

The locus coeruleus is a small structure

Question 7

Night terrors are most common in ____ during ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  adults; NREM sleep 
B)  adults; REM sleep 
C)  children; NREM sleep 
D)  children; REM sleep 
A)  adults; NREM sleep 
B)  adults; REM sleep 
C)  children; NREM sleep 
D)  children; REM sleep

Question 8

A decrease in the amount of sleep most likely to affect the performance of migratory bird during:

Accepted Answer

A)  migration season. 
B)  NREM sleep. 
C)  the daytime. 
D)  seasons other than migration. 
A)  migration season. 
B)  NREM sleep. 
C)  the daytime. 
D)  seasons other than migration.

Question 9

The role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the regulation of biological rhythms is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  coordinate several biological clocks. 
B)  feed visual information to the biological clock. 
C)  generate the circadian rhythm. 
D)  generate circannual rhythms. 
A)  coordinate several biological clocks. 
B)  feed visual information to the biological clock. 
C)  generate the circadian rhythm. 
D)  generate circannual rhythms.

Question 10

How does prolonged sleep deprivation affect human volunteers?

Accepted Answer

A)  It produces death. 
B)  It decreases later need for sleep. 
C)  Brain activity increases. 
D)  It impairs concentration. 
A)  It produces death. 
B)  It decreases later need for sleep. 
C)  Brain activity increases. 
D)  It impairs concentration.

Question 11

REM sleep has been shown to:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit sexual arousal. 
B)  interfere with new learning. 
C)  strengthen the formation of new motor skills. 
D)  strengthen memories for new facts. 
A)  inhibit sexual arousal. 
B)  interfere with new learning. 
C)  strengthen the formation of new motor skills. 
D)  strengthen memories for new facts.

Question 12

The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, responsible for shifting the phase of the circadian rhythm, originates from:

Accepted Answer

A)  cones only. 
B)  ganglion cells that are not connected to any cones or rods. 
C)  cones and rods equally. 
D)  rods only. 
A)  cones only. 
B)  ganglion cells that are not connected to any cones or rods. 
C)  cones and rods equally. 
D)  rods only.

Question 13

What is the result of electrical stimulation to the reticular formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sudden onset of sleep 
B)  Increased alertness 
C)  Coma 
D)  Hallucinations 
A)  Sudden onset of sleep 
B)  Increased alertness 
C)  Coma 
D)  Hallucinations

Question 14

Which kind of adults is most likely to suffer from sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overweight men 
B)  Depressed women 
C)  Recent immigrants to a country 
D)  People who eat a high-protein diet 
A)  Overweight men 
B)  Depressed women 
C)  Recent immigrants to a country 
D)  People who eat a high-protein diet

Question 15

With regard to sleep and arousal, the locus coeruleus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  very active during sleep. 
B)  active when the pontomesencephalon is not. 
C)  almost completely inactive during sleep. 
D)  instrumental in waking us up. 
A)  very active during sleep. 
B)  active when the pontomesencephalon is not. 
C)  almost completely inactive during sleep. 
D)  instrumental in waking us up.

Question 16

During sleep, what happens in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  cessation of spontaneous activity in neurons 
B)  increased firing by dopamine neurons 
C)  decreased firing by dopamine neurons 
D)  increased firing by GABA neurons 
A)  cessation of spontaneous activity in neurons 
B)  increased firing by dopamine neurons 
C)  decreased firing by dopamine neurons 
D)  increased firing by GABA neurons

Question 17

The regular use of tranquilizers can result in insomnia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  substantia nigra. 
B)  caudate nucleus. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
A)  substantia nigra. 
B)  caudate nucleus. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus.

Question 19

Patients with damage to ____ report no dreams.

Accepted Answer

A)  the upper part of the parietal cortex 
B)  the lower part of the parietal cortex 
C)  all layers of the occipital lobe 
D)  the nonvisual areas of the temporal lobe 
A)  the upper part of the parietal cortex 
B)  the lower part of the parietal cortex 
C)  all layers of the occipital lobe 
D)  the nonvisual areas of the temporal lobe

Question 20

Mammals have circadian rhythms:

Accepted Answer

A)  only for their sleep/activity cycle. 
B)  only for frequency of eating and drinking. 
C)  for sleep and body temperature only. 
D)  for a variety of activities, including sleep. 
A)  only for their sleep/activity cycle. 
B)  only for frequency of eating and drinking. 
C)  for sleep and body temperature only. 
D)  for a variety of activities, including sleep.

Describe the neuroanatomy of arousal and attention.

The retinohypothalamic pathway receives input from the:

A small branch of the optic nerve, known as the ____ extends directly from the retina to the SCN.

Why will taking a melatonin pill in the evening have little effect on sleepiness?

People with REM sleep disorder most likely have:

Briefly describe the role of the locus coeruleus in arousal and attention.

Night terrors are most common in during .

A decrease in the amount of sleep most likely to affect the performance of migratory bird during:

The role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the regulation of biological rhythms is to:

How does prolonged sleep deprivation affect human volunteers?

REM sleep has been shown to:

The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, responsible for shifting the phase of the circadian rhythm, originates from:

What is the result of electrical stimulation to the reticular formation?

Which kind of adults is most likely to suffer from sleep apnea?

With regard to sleep and arousal, the locus coeruleus is:

During sleep, what happens in the brain?

The regular use of tranquilizers can result in insomnia.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the:

Patients with damage to ____ report no dreams.

Mammals have circadian rhythms:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 9: Wakefulness and Sleep

Describe the neuroanatomy of arousal and attention.

The retinohypothalamic pathway receives input from the:

A small branch of the optic nerve, known as the ____ extends directly from the retina to the SCN.

Why will taking a melatonin pill in the evening have little effect on sleepiness?

People with REM sleep disorder most likely have:

Briefly describe the role of the locus coeruleus in arousal and attention.

Night terrors are most common in ____ during ____.

A decrease in the amount of sleep most likely to affect the performance of migratory bird during:

The role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the regulation of biological rhythms is to:

How does prolonged sleep deprivation affect human volunteers?

REM sleep has been shown to:

The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, responsible for shifting the phase of the circadian rhythm, originates from:

What is the result of electrical stimulation to the reticular formation?

Which kind of adults is most likely to suffer from sleep apnea?

With regard to sleep and arousal, the locus coeruleus is:

During sleep, what happens in the brain?

The regular use of tranquilizers can result in insomnia.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the:

Patients with damage to ____ report no dreams.

Mammals have circadian rhythms:

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Night terrors are most common in during .