Question 1

One explanation for narcolepsy in humans is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus. 
B)  a genetic loss of basal forebrain neurons. 
C)  swollen tonsils. 
D)  damage to the locus coeruleus. 
A)  a loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus. 
B)  a genetic loss of basal forebrain neurons. 
C)  swollen tonsils. 
D)  damage to the locus coeruleus.

Question 2

Which of the following structures is NOT a brain structure of arousal and attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  suprachiasmatic nucleus 
B)  reticular formation 
C)  locus coeruleus 
D)  raphe nuclei 
A)  suprachiasmatic nucleus 
B)  reticular formation 
C)  locus coeruleus 
D)  raphe nuclei

Question 3

An astronaut orbiting earth experiences 45-minute periods of daylight alternating with 45-minutes of darkness. What is likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The alternating patterns allow for normal rhythm development. 
B)  They are fully alert during wakeful periods. 
C)  They are able to sleep during rest periods. 
D)  They sleep poorly during rest periods. 
A)  The alternating patterns allow for normal rhythm development. 
B)  They are fully alert during wakeful periods. 
C)  They are able to sleep during rest periods. 
D)  They sleep poorly during rest periods.

Question 4

Slow-wave sleep is comprised of:

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha wave sleep. 
B)  stages 1 and 2. 
C)  stages 3 and 4. 
D)  REM sleep. 
A)  alpha wave sleep. 
B)  stages 1 and 2. 
C)  stages 3 and 4. 
D)  REM sleep.

Question 5

What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its neurons generate a 24-hour rhythm by themselves. 
B)  Its neurons can reset the biological clock, but they do not generate it. 
C)  It relays visual information to the biological clock. 
D)  It relays information from the biological clock to areas that control temperature and activity. 
A)  Its neurons generate a 24-hour rhythm by themselves. 
B)  Its neurons can reset the biological clock, but they do not generate it. 
C)  It relays visual information to the biological clock. 
D)  It relays information from the biological clock to areas that control temperature and activity.

Question 6

The pineal gland releases the ____ hormone, which influences both circadian and circannual rhythms.

Accepted Answer

A)  androgen 
B)  melanopsin 
C)  melatonin 
D)  Estrogen 
A)  androgen 
B)  melanopsin 
C)  melatonin 
D)  Estrogen

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE about sleepwalking?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs mostly in adults. 
B)  It is most common early in the night. 
C)  It occurs during REM. 
D)  It is dangerous to awaken a sleepwalker. 
A)  It occurs mostly in adults. 
B)  It is most common early in the night. 
C)  It occurs during REM. 
D)  It is dangerous to awaken a sleepwalker.

Question 8

Melatonin is released by the SCN.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the principal zeitgeber for land animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Light 
B)  The tides 
C)  Temperature 
D)  Barometric pressure 
A)  Light 
B)  The tides 
C)  Temperature 
D)  Barometric pressure

Question 10

Narcolepsy is a condition characterized by frequent periods of sleepiness during the day.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The activation-synthesis theory of dreams argues that dreams are the result of random brain activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What effects are generally produced during prolonged sleep deprivation in laboratory animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous seizures 
B)  few noticeable adverse effects 
C)  similar effects to sleep deprivation studies with humans 
D)  more severe effects than in sleep deprivation studies with humans 
A)  continuous seizures 
B)  few noticeable adverse effects 
C)  similar effects to sleep deprivation studies with humans 
D)  more severe effects than in sleep deprivation studies with humans

Question 13

It is possible to determine a person's stage of sleep through which kinds of monitoring?

Accepted Answer

A)  EEG and GSR 
B)  GSR and eye movements 
C)  EEG and eye movements 
D)  body position and carbon dioxide level in the blood 
A)  EEG and GSR 
B)  GSR and eye movements 
C)  EEG and eye movements 
D)  body position and carbon dioxide level in the blood

Question 14

Night terrors occur during NREM sleep.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreams, a dream represents the brain's effort to:

Accepted Answer

A)  thinking that takes place under unusual conditions 
B)  make sense of sparse and distorted information 
C)  predict the future 
D)  bring up past events 
A)  thinking that takes place under unusual conditions 
B)  make sense of sparse and distorted information 
C)  predict the future 
D)  bring up past events

Question 16

Stages 2 and 3 together constitute slow-wave sleep (SWS).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

If we compare either different species or different ages, what trend emerges?

Accepted Answer

A)  The less total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
B)  The more total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
C)  The more activity during wakefulness, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
D)  The more activity during wakefulness, the lower the percentage of REM sleep 
A)  The less total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
B)  The more total sleep, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
C)  The more activity during wakefulness, the higher the percentage of REM sleep 
D)  The more activity during wakefulness, the lower the percentage of REM sleep

Question 18

Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What happens if people are put in an environment that is constantly light?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not affect them in any way. 
B)  They complain that they cannot sleep. 
C)  They complain that they have difficulty waking up. 
D)  They follow a cycle closer to 28 hours than to 24 hours. 
A)  It does not affect them in any way. 
B)  They complain that they cannot sleep. 
C)  They complain that they have difficulty waking up. 
D)  They follow a cycle closer to 28 hours than to 24 hours.

Question 20

Sometimes people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood pressure is too low. 
B)  The motor nerves are inactive until body temperature reaches its normal level. 
C)  An increase in light striking the eyes reflexively inhibits the motor neurons. 
D)  Part of the brain is still asleep. 
A) Blood pressure is too low. 
B)  The motor nerves are inactive until body temperature reaches its normal level. 
C)  An increase in light striking the eyes reflexively inhibits the motor neurons. 
D)  Part of the brain is still asleep.

One explanation for narcolepsy in humans is:

Which of the following structures is NOT a brain structure of arousal and attention?

An astronaut orbiting earth experiences 45-minute periods of daylight alternating with 45-minutes of darkness. What is likely to happen?

Slow-wave sleep is comprised of:

What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in circadian rhythms?

The pineal gland releases the ____ hormone, which influences both circadian and circannual rhythms.

Which of the following is TRUE about sleepwalking?

Melatonin is released by the SCN.

What is the principal zeitgeber for land animals?

Narcolepsy is a condition characterized by frequent periods of sleepiness during the day.

The activation-synthesis theory of dreams argues that dreams are the result of random brain activity.

What effects are generally produced during prolonged sleep deprivation in laboratory animals?

It is possible to determine a person's stage of sleep through which kinds of monitoring?

Night terrors occur during NREM sleep.

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreams, a dream represents the brain's effort to:

Stages 2 and 3 together constitute slow-wave sleep (SWS).

If we compare either different species or different ages, what trend emerges?

Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.

What happens if people are put in an environment that is constantly light?

Sometimes people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening. Why?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

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Exam 9: Wakefulness and Sleep

One explanation for narcolepsy in humans is:

Which of the following structures is NOT a brain structure of arousal and attention?

An astronaut orbiting earth experiences 45-minute periods of daylight alternating with 45-minutes of darkness. What is likely to happen?

Slow-wave sleep is comprised of:

What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in circadian rhythms?

The pineal gland releases the ____ hormone, which influences both circadian and circannual rhythms.

Which of the following is TRUE about sleepwalking?

Melatonin is released by the SCN.

What is the principal zeitgeber for land animals?

Narcolepsy is a condition characterized by frequent periods of sleepiness during the day.

The activation-synthesis theory of dreams argues that dreams are the result of random brain activity.

What effects are generally produced during prolonged sleep deprivation in laboratory animals?

It is possible to determine a person's stage of sleep through which kinds of monitoring?

Night terrors occur during NREM sleep.

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreams, a dream represents the brain's effort to:

Stages 2 and 3 together constitute slow-wave sleep (SWS).

If we compare either different species or different ages, what trend emerges?

Bright light late in the afternoon shortens the circadian rhythm.

What happens if people are put in an environment that is constantly light?

Sometimes people find themselves unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening. Why?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters