Question 1

The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  rods and cones 
B)  bipolar cells 
C)  horizontal cells 
D)  ganglion cells 
A)  rods and cones 
B)  bipolar cells 
C)  horizontal cells 
D)  ganglion cells D

Question 2

Men are more likely to experience color vision deficiency than women.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to:

Accepted Answer

A)  details of shape. 
B)  facial features. 
C)  movement. 
D)  brightness. 
A)  details of shape. 
B)  facial features. 
C)  movement. 
D)  brightness. C

Question 4

Which ganglion cells, if any, are located mostly in or near the fovea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parvocellular 
B)  Magnocellular 
C)  Koniocellular 
D)  They are all distributed equally. 
A)  Parvocellular 
B)  Magnocellular 
C)  Koniocellular 
D)  They are all distributed equally.

Question 5

Cones are essential for color vision.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Lateral inhibition is the reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In what order does visual information pass through the retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  receptor cells, ganglion cells, bipolar cells 
B)  ganglion cells, bipolar cells, receptor cells 
C)  receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells 
D)  bipolar cells, receptor cells, ganglion cells 
A)  receptor cells, ganglion cells, bipolar cells 
B)  ganglion cells, bipolar cells, receptor cells 
C)  receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells 
D)  bipolar cells, receptor cells, ganglion cells

Question 8

What would an investigator find concerning the properties of cells in a single column of the visual cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have receptive fields in the same location in the visual field. 
B)  They have receptive fields of the same angle of orientation. 
C)  Moving from dorsal to ventral through the column, each receptive field is slightly larger than the previous one. 
D)  Their receptive fields vary randomly. 
A)  They have receptive fields in the same location in the visual field. 
B)  They have receptive fields of the same angle of orientation. 
C)  Moving from dorsal to ventral through the column, each receptive field is slightly larger than the previous one. 
D)  Their receptive fields vary randomly.

Question 9

What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders?

Accepted Answer

A)  receptive fields 
B)  lateral inhibition 
C)  retinal disparity 
D)  the direction in which the light shines 
A)  receptive fields 
B)  lateral inhibition 
C)  retinal disparity 
D)  the direction in which the light shines

Question 10

Initially, researchers determined how many types of receptors we have for determining color:

Accepted Answer

A)  through psychophysical observations. 
B)  through the use of biochemical methods. 
C)  through genetic markers. 
D)  by developing a trichromatic spectrometer. 
A)  through psychophysical observations. 
B)  through the use of biochemical methods. 
C)  through genetic markers. 
D)  by developing a trichromatic spectrometer.

Question 11

More than a century ago, researchers had evidence that the human retina contained three kinds of color-sensitive receptors. What was the basis of their evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  observations of negative after-images 
B)  studies of how people adapt to various degrees of light or darkness 
C)  chemical measurements on the receptors themselves 
D)  experiments on mixing colors of light together 
A)  observations of negative after-images 
B)  studies of how people adapt to various degrees of light or darkness 
C)  chemical measurements on the receptors themselves 
D)  experiments on mixing colors of light together

Question 12

The optic nerve is composed of axons from ganglion cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What are the two kinds of receptors in the retina?

Accepted Answer

A)  bipolar and ganglion cells 
B)  ganglion and rods 
C)  rods and cones 
D)  amacrine and horizontal 
A)  bipolar and ganglion cells 
B)  ganglion and rods 
C)  rods and cones 
D)  amacrine and horizontal

Question 14

Movement of the eyes suppresses activity in the visual cortex for a brief moment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  velocity of the action potential. 
B)  absolute activity of a single cone. 
C)  difference between cone and rod activity. 
D)  relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths. 
A)  velocity of the action potential. 
B)  absolute activity of a single cone. 
C)  difference between cone and rod activity. 
D)  relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths.

Question 16

What is the relationship of color blindness between males and females?

Accepted Answer

A)  Males are more likely to be color blind. 
B)  Females are more likely to be color blind. 
C)  Males and females show roughly equal susceptibility to color blindness. 
D)  Males are more likely to report problems with color vision, but females are more likely to actually be color blind. 
A)  Males are more likely to be color blind. 
B)  Females are more likely to be color blind. 
C)  Males and females show roughly equal susceptibility to color blindness. 
D)  Males are more likely to report problems with color vision, but females are more likely to actually be color blind.

Question 17

Light is focused as it enters through which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  lens only 
B)  cornea only 
C)  lens and cornea 
D)  pupil 
A)  lens only 
B)  cornea only 
C)  lens and cornea 
D)  pupil

Question 18

Cells in the inferior temporal cortex that are sensitive to a particular shape are also likely to respond to the shape's:

Accepted Answer

A)  figure-ground reversal. 
B)  color. 
C)  motion. 
D)  mirror-reversal. 
A)  figure-ground reversal. 
B)  color. 
C)  motion. 
D)  mirror-reversal.

Question 19

What type of cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field, regardless of the exact location of the stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  simple 
B)  complex 
C)  bipolar 
D)  ganglion 
A)  simple 
B)  complex 
C)  bipolar 
D)  ganglion

Question 20

Two areas that are especially activated by motion are area MST and area V4.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?

Men are more likely to experience color vision deficiency than women.

Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to:

Which ganglion cells, if any, are located mostly in or near the fovea?

Cones are essential for color vision.

Lateral inhibition is the reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons.

In what order does visual information pass through the retina?

What would an investigator find concerning the properties of cells in a single column of the visual cortex?

What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders?

Initially, researchers determined how many types of receptors we have for determining color:

More than a century ago, researchers had evidence that the human retina contained three kinds of color-sensitive receptors. What was the basis of their evidence?

The optic nerve is composed of axons from ganglion cells.

What are the two kinds of receptors in the retina?

Movement of the eyes suppresses activity in the visual cortex for a brief moment.

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the:

What is the relationship of color blindness between males and females?

Light is focused as it enters through which of the following structures?

Cells in the inferior temporal cortex that are sensitive to a particular shape are also likely to respond to the shape's:

What type of cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field, regardless of the exact location of the stimulus?

Two areas that are especially activated by motion are area MST and area V4.

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

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Exam 6: Vision

The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?

Men are more likely to experience color vision deficiency than women.

Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to:

Which ganglion cells, if any, are located mostly in or near the fovea?

Cones are essential for color vision.

Lateral inhibition is the reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons.

In what order does visual information pass through the retina?

What would an investigator find concerning the properties of cells in a single column of the visual cortex?

What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders?

Initially, researchers determined how many types of receptors we have for determining color:

More than a century ago, researchers had evidence that the human retina contained three kinds of color-sensitive receptors. What was the basis of their evidence?

The optic nerve is composed of axons from ganglion cells.

What are the two kinds of receptors in the retina?

Movement of the eyes suppresses activity in the visual cortex for a brief moment.

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the:

What is the relationship of color blindness between males and females?

Light is focused as it enters through which of the following structures?

Cells in the inferior temporal cortex that are sensitive to a particular shape are also likely to respond to the shape's:

What type of cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field, regardless of the exact location of the stimulus?

Two areas that are especially activated by motion are area MST and area V4.

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Synapses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters