Question 1

What do temporal summation and spatial summation have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both involve the activity of only two neurons. 
B)  Both require a response from the brain. 
C)  Both depend on a combination of visual and auditory stimuli. 
D)  Both enable a reflex to occur in response to weak stimuli. 
A)  Both involve the activity of only two neurons. 
B)  Both require a response from the brain. 
C)  Both depend on a combination of visual and auditory stimuli. 
D)  Both enable a reflex to occur in response to weak stimuli.

Question 2

Describe the main chemical events at a synapse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the main chemical events at a...

Question 3

Ionotropic effects are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid, short-lived effects. 
B)  rapid, long lasting effects. 
C)  excitatory only. 
D)  inhibitory only. 
A)  rapid, short-lived effects. 
B)  rapid, long lasting effects. 
C)  excitatory only. 
D)  inhibitory only.

Question 4

Given a repetitive series of action potentials in a given neuron, we can expect that:

Accepted Answer

A)  each action potential will release the same amount of neurotransmitter. 
B)  later action potentials in a series will release more neurotransmitter than the first. 
C)  many action potentials will fail to release any neurotransmitters at all. 
D)  some action potentials will release one chemical as the neurotransmitter, and others will release other chemicals. 
A)  each action potential will release the same amount of neurotransmitter. 
B)  later action potentials in a series will release more neurotransmitter than the first. 
C)  many action potentials will fail to release any neurotransmitters at all. 
D)  some action potentials will release one chemical as the neurotransmitter, and others will release other chemicals.

Question 5

Temporal summation is to ____ as spatial summation is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  time, location 
B)  EPSP, IPSP 
C)  location, time 
D)  depolarization, hyperpolarization 
A)  time, location 
B)  EPSP, IPSP 
C)  location, time 
D)  depolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 6

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ligaments and tendons that bind them together 
B)  learned patterns of coordination in the cerebral cortex 
C)  inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord 
D)  control of both muscles by different branches of the same axon. 
A)  the ligaments and tendons that bind them together 
B)  learned patterns of coordination in the cerebral cortex 
C)  inhibitory synapses in the spinal cord 
D)  control of both muscles by different branches of the same axon.

Question 7

Which drugs most closely resemble the neurotransmitter serotonin?

Accepted Answer

A)  hallucinogens 
B)  cannabinoids 
C)  opiates 
D)  stimulants 
A)  hallucinogens 
B)  cannabinoids 
C)  opiates 
D)  stimulants

Question 8

An action potential causes the release of neurotransmitters by:

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking potassium pores in the membrane. 
B)  opening chloride pores in the membrane. 
C)  blocking iron pores in the membrane. 
D)  opening calcium pores in the membrane. 
A)  blocking potassium pores in the membrane. 
B)  opening chloride pores in the membrane. 
C)  blocking iron pores in the membrane. 
D)  opening calcium pores in the membrane.

Question 9

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls:

Accepted Answer

A)  secretions of the gonads. 
B)  secretions of the mammary glands. 
C)  secretions of the thyroid gland. 
D)  secretions of the adrenal cortex. 
A)  secretions of the gonads. 
B)  secretions of the mammary glands. 
C)  secretions of the thyroid gland. 
D)  secretions of the adrenal cortex.

Question 10

Unlike studies with animals, MDMA in humans is harmless to serotonin neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only spatial summation can produce an action potential. 
B)  Spatial summation depends on contributions from more than one sensory neuron. 
C)  Temporal summation produces a hyperpolarization instead of a depolarization. 
D)  Spatial summation alters the response of more than one postsynaptic cell. 
A)  Only spatial summation can produce an action potential. 
B)  Spatial summation depends on contributions from more than one sensory neuron. 
C)  Temporal summation produces a hyperpolarization instead of a depolarization. 
D)  Spatial summation alters the response of more than one postsynaptic cell.

Question 12

Although slower than an action potential, synaptic transmission is still relatively fast because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the synaptic cleft is very narrow. 
B)  sodium ions are transported quickly. 
C)  neurotransmitters diffuse faster than electricity. 
D)  EPSPs travel faster than IPSPs. 
A)  the synaptic cleft is very narrow. 
B)  sodium ions are transported quickly. 
C)  neurotransmitters diffuse faster than electricity. 
D)  EPSPs travel faster than IPSPs.

Question 13

The amount of temporal summation depends on the rate of stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following characterizes ionotropic effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid, short-lived effects 
B)  rapid, long lasting effects 
C)  excitatory only 
D)  inhibitory only 
A)  rapid, short-lived effects 
B)  rapid, long lasting effects 
C)  excitatory only 
D)  inhibitory only

Question 15

The key into a lock analogy best describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  a drug's efficacy 
B)  a drug's affinity for a receptor 
C)  breakdown at a receptor site 
D)  a drug's reuptake 
A)  a drug's efficacy 
B)  a drug's affinity for a receptor 
C)  breakdown at a receptor site 
D)  a drug's reuptake

Question 16

What was the first evidence reported by T. R. Elliott suggesting that synapses operate chemically?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenaline mimics the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
B)  Adrenaline decreases heart rate. 
C)  Adrenaline produces a hormone which decreases heart rate. 
D)  Adrenaline mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. 
A)  Adrenaline mimics the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
B)  Adrenaline decreases heart rate. 
C)  Adrenaline produces a hormone which decreases heart rate. 
D)  Adrenaline mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 17

Electrical communication between neurons is faster than chemical communication within neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Most neurons have a spontaneous firing rate, a periodic production of action potentials even without synaptic input.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes calcium to rush into the presynaptic neuron. 
B)  It causes calcium to rush into the postsynaptic neuron. 
C)  The neurotransmitter passively spreads across the synaptic cleft. 
D)  The neurotransmitter is actively transported across the synaptic cleft. 
A)  It causes calcium to rush into the presynaptic neuron. 
B)  It causes calcium to rush into the postsynaptic neuron. 
C)  The neurotransmitter passively spreads across the synaptic cleft. 
D)  The neurotransmitter is actively transported across the synaptic cleft.

Question 20

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is also known as?

Accepted Answer

A)  ecstasy 
B)  crack 
C)  angel dust 
D)  ganja 
A)  ecstasy 
B)  crack 
C)  angel dust 
D)  ganja

What do temporal summation and spatial summation have in common?

Describe the main chemical events at a synapse.

Ionotropic effects are characterized by:

Given a repetitive series of action potentials in a given neuron, we can expect that:

Temporal summation is to as spatial summation is to .

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?

Which drugs most closely resemble the neurotransmitter serotonin?

An action potential causes the release of neurotransmitters by:

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls:

Unlike studies with animals, MDMA in humans is harmless to serotonin neurons.

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

Although slower than an action potential, synaptic transmission is still relatively fast because:

The amount of temporal summation depends on the rate of stimulation.

Which of the following characterizes ionotropic effects?

The key into a lock analogy best describes:

What was the first evidence reported by T. R. Elliott suggesting that synapses operate chemically?

Electrical communication between neurons is faster than chemical communication within neurons.

Most neurons have a spontaneous firing rate, a periodic production of action potentials even without synaptic input.

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is also known as?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 3: Synapses

What do temporal summation and spatial summation have in common?

Describe the main chemical events at a synapse.

Ionotropic effects are characterized by:

Given a repetitive series of action potentials in a given neuron, we can expect that:

Temporal summation is to ____ as spatial summation is to ____.

What ordinarily prevents extensor muscles from contracting at the same time as flexor muscles?

Which drugs most closely resemble the neurotransmitter serotonin?

An action potential causes the release of neurotransmitters by:

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls:

Unlike studies with animals, MDMA in humans is harmless to serotonin neurons.

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

Although slower than an action potential, synaptic transmission is still relatively fast because:

The amount of temporal summation depends on the rate of stimulation.

Which of the following characterizes ionotropic effects?

The key into a lock analogy best describes:

What was the first evidence reported by T. R. Elliott suggesting that synapses operate chemically?

Electrical communication between neurons is faster than chemical communication within neurons.

Most neurons have a spontaneous firing rate, a periodic production of action potentials even without synaptic input.

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is also known as?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Temporal summation is to as spatial summation is to .