Question 1

The second messenger communicates to areas:

Accepted Answer

A)  outside the cleft 
B)  in the cleft 
C)  within the cell 
D)  outside the cell 
A)  outside the cleft 
B)  in the cleft 
C)  within the cell 
D)  outside the cell

Question 2

Autoreceptors monitor the:

Accepted Answer

A)  number of action potentials. 
B)  extracellular sodium concentration. 
C)  amount of neurotransmitter released. 
D)  amount of reuptake. 
A)  number of action potentials. 
B)  extracellular sodium concentration. 
C)  amount of neurotransmitter released. 
D)  amount of reuptake.

Question 3

To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug:

Accepted Answer

A)  breaks down neurotransmitter chemicals at that receptor site. 
B)  will always excite the postsynaptic receptor. 
C)  will always inhibit the postsynaptic receptor. 
D)  binds to that receptor. 
A)  breaks down neurotransmitter chemicals at that receptor site. 
B)  will always excite the postsynaptic receptor. 
C)  will always inhibit the postsynaptic receptor. 
D)  binds to that receptor.

Question 4

Like an action potential, an EPSP results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium ions entering the cell. 
B)  potassium ions entering the cell. 
C)  sodium ions exiting the cell. 
D)  potassium ions exiting the cell. 
A)  sodium ions entering the cell. 
B)  potassium ions entering the cell. 
C)  sodium ions exiting the cell. 
D)  potassium ions exiting the cell.

Question 5

A certain weak stimulus produces no reflexive response, but a rapid repetition of that stimulus may produce such a response. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial summation 
B)  temporal summation 
C)  saltatory conduction 
D)  synaptic combination 
A)  spatial summation 
B)  temporal summation 
C)  saltatory conduction 
D)  synaptic combination

Question 6

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the ____ and released in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary; bloodstream 
B)  hypothalamus; anterior pituitary 
C)  hypothalamus; posterior pituitary 
D)  posterior pituitary; hypothalamus 
A)  anterior pituitary; bloodstream 
B)  hypothalamus; anterior pituitary 
C)  hypothalamus; posterior pituitary 
D)  posterior pituitary; hypothalamus

Question 7

Cocaine is to ____ as nicotine is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine, acetylcholine 
B)  acetylcholine, dopamine 
C)  dopamine, serotonin 
D)  norepinephrine, acetylcholine 
A)  dopamine, acetylcholine 
B)  acetylcholine, dopamine 
C)  dopamine, serotonin 
D)  norepinephrine, acetylcholine

Question 8

The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is:

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivation by the enzymes MAO and COMT. 
B)  reuptake by the presynaptic neuron. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  reuptake by the postsynaptic neuron. 
A)  inactivation by the enzymes MAO and COMT. 
B)  reuptake by the presynaptic neuron. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  reuptake by the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 9

____ are a category of chemicals including adenosine and several of its derivatives.

Accepted Answer

A)  Neuropeptides 
B)  Acetylcholine 
C)  Monoamines 
D)  Purines 
A)  Neuropeptides 
B)  Acetylcholine 
C)  Monoamines 
D)  Purines

Question 10

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the depolarization causes what ionic movement in the presynaptic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium out of the cell 
B)  lithium out of the cell 
C)  iron into the cell 
D)  calcium into the cell 
A)  sodium out of the cell 
B)  lithium out of the cell 
C)  iron into the cell 
D)  calcium into the cell

Question 11

In most cases, how many neurotransmitters can activate a postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  only one neurotransmitter 
B)  any neurotransmitter 
C)  several transmitters, with different synapses responding to different transmitters 
D)  several transmitters, which must be received simultaneously 
A)  only one neurotransmitter 
B)  any neurotransmitter 
C)  several transmitters, with different synapses responding to different transmitters 
D)  several transmitters, which must be received simultaneously

Question 12

The primary difference between an EPSP and an action potential is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the magnitude of an action potential decreases as it travels along the membrane. 
B)  EPSPs occur without sodium ions entering the cell. 
C)  action potentials are always hyperpolarizations. 
D)  EPSPs are subthreshold events that decay over time and space. 
A)  the magnitude of an action potential decreases as it travels along the membrane. 
B)  EPSPs occur without sodium ions entering the cell. 
C)  action potentials are always hyperpolarizations. 
D)  EPSPs are subthreshold events that decay over time and space.

Question 13

What do dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine share in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They all affect the same receptors. 
B)  They are all synthesized from the same amino acids. 
C)  They are all released by the same neurons. 
D)  They all are gases. 
A)  They all affect the same receptors. 
B)  They are all synthesized from the same amino acids. 
C)  They are all released by the same neurons. 
D)  They all are gases.

Question 14

If a drug binds to a particular receptor, it is said to:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the synthesis of the neurotransmitter used at that receptor. 
B)  decrease the synthesis of the neurotransmitter used at that receptor. 
C)  stimulate breakdown at that receptor. 
D)  have an affinity for that type of receptor. 
A)  increase the synthesis of the neurotransmitter used at that receptor. 
B)  decrease the synthesis of the neurotransmitter used at that receptor. 
C)  stimulate breakdown at that receptor. 
D)  have an affinity for that type of receptor.

Question 15

Which is MORE characteristic of marijuana users than of cocaine users?

Accepted Answer

A)  sudden "crash" several hours after taking the drug 
B)  impairments of attention and memory 
C)  increased sensitivity to the drug's effects 
D)  high risk of overdose on the drug 
A)  sudden "crash" several hours after taking the drug 
B)  impairments of attention and memory 
C)  increased sensitivity to the drug's effects 
D)  high risk of overdose on the drug

Question 16

Why do cocaine and amphetamine produce similar effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both increase the activity of the sodium-potassium pump. 
B)  Both increase the presence of dopamine in the synapses. 
C)  Both cause a weakening of the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  The brain converts both of them into acetylcholine. 
A)  Both increase the activity of the sodium-potassium pump. 
B)  Both increase the presence of dopamine in the synapses. 
C)  Both cause a weakening of the blood-brain barrier. 
D)  The brain converts both of them into acetylcholine.

Question 17

The anterior pituitary is composed of ____ and the posterior pituitary is composed of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  glandular tissue; neural tissue 
B)  neural tissue; glandular tissue 
C)  neural tissue; neural tissue 
D)  glandular tissue; glandular tissue 
A)  glandular tissue; neural tissue 
B)  neural tissue; glandular tissue 
C)  neural tissue; neural tissue 
D)  glandular tissue; glandular tissue

Question 18

Loewi demonstrated that synapses operate by the release of chemicals. He did this by:

Accepted Answer

A)  applying adrenaline directly to the heart muscle. 
B)  collecting fluid from a stimulated frog's heart, transferring it to another frog's heart, and measuring that heart rate. 
C)  measuring the speed of a dog's reflexes while the dog was under the influence of various drugs. 
D)  applying an extract of marijuana in eye drops and discovering that it dilated the pupils. 
A)  applying adrenaline directly to the heart muscle. 
B)  collecting fluid from a stimulated frog's heart, transferring it to another frog's heart, and measuring that heart rate. 
C)  measuring the speed of a dog's reflexes while the dog was under the influence of various drugs. 
D)  applying an extract of marijuana in eye drops and discovering that it dilated the pupils.

Question 19

Chemical communication between neurons is faster than electrical communication within neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dopamine 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Serotonin 
A)  Dopamine 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Serotonin

The second messenger communicates to areas:

Autoreceptors monitor the:

To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug:

Like an action potential, an EPSP results from:

A certain weak stimulus produces no reflexive response, but a rapid repetition of that stimulus may produce such a response. What is this phenomenon called?

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the and released in the .

Cocaine is to as nicotine is to .

The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is:

____ are a category of chemicals including adenosine and several of its derivatives.

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the depolarization causes what ionic movement in the presynaptic cell?

In most cases, how many neurotransmitters can activate a postsynaptic neuron?

The primary difference between an EPSP and an action potential is that:

What do dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine share in common?

If a drug binds to a particular receptor, it is said to:

Which is MORE characteristic of marijuana users than of cocaine users?

Why do cocaine and amphetamine produce similar effects?

The anterior pituitary is composed of and the posterior pituitary is composed of .

Loewi demonstrated that synapses operate by the release of chemicals. He did this by:

Chemical communication between neurons is faster than electrical communication within neurons.

Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Exam 3: Synapses

The second messenger communicates to areas:

Autoreceptors monitor the:

To say that a drug has an affinity for a particular type of receptor is to imply that the drug:

Like an action potential, an EPSP results from:

A certain weak stimulus produces no reflexive response, but a rapid repetition of that stimulus may produce such a response. What is this phenomenon called?

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the ____ and released in the ____.

Cocaine is to ____ as nicotine is to ____.

The primary method for disposal of peptide neurotransmitters is:

____ are a category of chemicals including adenosine and several of its derivatives.

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, the depolarization causes what ionic movement in the presynaptic cell?

In most cases, how many neurotransmitters can activate a postsynaptic neuron?

The primary difference between an EPSP and an action potential is that:

What do dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine share in common?

If a drug binds to a particular receptor, it is said to:

Which is MORE characteristic of marijuana users than of cocaine users?

Why do cocaine and amphetamine produce similar effects?

The anterior pituitary is composed of ____ and the posterior pituitary is composed of ____.

Loewi demonstrated that synapses operate by the release of chemicals. He did this by:

Chemical communication between neurons is faster than electrical communication within neurons.

Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine?

The Major Issues

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

Vision

The Other Sensory Systems

Movement

Wakefulness and Sleep

Internal Regulation

Reproductive Behaviors

Emotional Behaviors

The Biology of Learning and Memory

Cognitive Functions

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Filters

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the and released in the .

Cocaine is to as nicotine is to .

The anterior pituitary is composed of and the posterior pituitary is composed of .