Exam 15: Taxation and Efficiency

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Suppose you had to design an economic system for a country that had never existed before,like one of the former Soviet Union countries.What criteria would you consider to minimize the excess burden of the system of taxation?

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Reducing excess burden would be critical,but there has to be a great deal of care involved in ensuring that the tax system is fair.This would be important for a new country that has no institutional history to draw up.

The differential taxation of inputs does not create an excess burden.

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Excess burden calculations typically assume many other distortions.

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  -Refer to Figure 15.8.If VMPmkt can be characterized by the equation VMPmkt = 50 - 2Hmkt,where H is the number of hours worked,and VMP<sub>home</sub> can be characterized by the equation VMP<sub>home</sub> = 45 - 3Hhome,where H is the number of hours worked,what is H* if there are a total of 40 hours to be worked between work and home? -Refer to Figure 15.8.If VMPmkt can be characterized by the equation VMPmkt = 50 - 2Hmkt,where H is the number of hours worked,and VMPhome can be characterized by the equation VMPhome = 45 - 3Hhome,where H is the number of hours worked,what is H* if there are a total of 40 hours to be worked between work and home?

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Unit taxes vary along with the price of the taxed commodity.

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  -Refer to Figure 15.5.Suppose that the demand curve for barley can be characterized by the equation P = 100 - 2Q<sub>d</sub>.Suppose further that price was $10.00 and a $10.00 tax is imposed on the market. (A)How many barleys would be purchased at a price of $10.00? After tax? (B)What is the amount of tax revenue generated by the tax? (C)How much excess burden is generated by the tax? (D)What is the amount of consumer surplus before and after the tax? What is the difference in consumer surplus? Is it equal to excess burden plus the tax revenue? -Refer to Figure 15.5.Suppose that the demand curve for barley can be characterized by the equation P = 100 - 2Qd.Suppose further that price was $10.00 and a $10.00 tax is imposed on the market. (A)How many barleys would be purchased at a price of $10.00? After tax? (B)What is the amount of tax revenue generated by the tax? (C)How much excess burden is generated by the tax? (D)What is the amount of consumer surplus before and after the tax? What is the difference in consumer surplus? Is it equal to excess burden plus the tax revenue?

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The logic of the double-dividend hypothesis may not hold because the Pigouvian tax exacerbates pre-existing distortions in the labor market.

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Which of the following is a unit excise tax?

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Which of the following should be expected if the tax for a certain good increases?

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Points on the same utility curve are

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Is it possible to design a tax that does all of the following: i)leaves behavior unchanged so that the quantity demanded of goods and services does not change,ii)creates no excess burden,iii)is not regressive,and iv)is welfare enhancing?

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Equivalent variation means

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Lump sum taxation is an attractive policy tool.

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The Double Dividend Effect requires

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A tax wedge causes

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When a demand curve is vertical,the elasticity of demand is equal to

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Excess burden is largest with

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The tax interaction effect is the _________ in excess burden in the labor market stemming from the _______ in real wages caused by a Pigouvian tax.

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  -Refer to Figure 15.7.If the supply curve for labor can be written as L = w/2 - 3/2 and the initial wage was $10,how much excess burden is created if there is a tax on wages of $2? -Refer to Figure 15.7.If the supply curve for labor can be written as L = w/2 - 3/2 and the initial wage was $10,how much excess burden is created if there is a tax on wages of $2?

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All taxes impose an excess burden.

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