Question 1

Natural selection is the only mechanism driving genetic evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

For natural selection to work on a particular population

Accepted Answer

A)  their members must have a sufficiently long life span. 
B)  the environment must remain constant. 
C)  there must be a strong will to survive among the members of the population. 
D)  there must be variety within that population. 
E)  there must be genotypic diversity but phenotypic homogeneity. 
A)  their members must have a sufficiently long life span. 
B)  the environment must remain constant. 
C)  there must be a strong will to survive among the members of the population. 
D)  there must be variety within that population. 
E)  there must be genotypic diversity but phenotypic homogeneity.

Question 3

One of anthropology's main lessons is that biology,language,and culture do not go together in neat bundles.Using the knowledge you have gained from this chapter,explain what this statement means,and provide examples that support your answer.

Accepted Answer

This statement means that the relationsh

Question 4

In molecular genetics,the term crossover refers to a site on the DNA molecule where homologous chromosomes have exchanged segments by breakage and recombination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following statements about natural selection is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural selection operates directly on genetic variety. 
B)  Natural selection is the sum of environmental forces that conditions the survival of particular phenotypes. 
C)  Natural selection operates with respect to specific environments. 
D)  Natural selection is responsible for the maintenance of sickle hemoglobin polymorphism. 
E)  Natural selection was first scientifically described by Darwin and Wallace. 
A)  Natural selection operates directly on genetic variety. 
B)  Natural selection is the sum of environmental forces that conditions the survival of particular phenotypes. 
C)  Natural selection operates with respect to specific environments. 
D)  Natural selection is responsible for the maintenance of sickle hemoglobin polymorphism. 
E)  Natural selection was first scientifically described by Darwin and Wallace.

Question 6

Gene flow between populations works to prevent speciation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The so-called modern synthesis,the currently accepted view of evolution,

Accepted Answer

A)  suggests that speciation occurs after the genetic isolation of two populations, which allows their gene pools to diverge. 
B)  refers to the combination of catastrophism and Darwin's theory of evolution. 
C)  suggests that speciation occurs after intense competition. 
D)  refers to the combination of Mendel's genetic discoveries and the theory of gene flow. 
E)  has been challenged by recent fossils found in East Africa. 
A)  suggests that speciation occurs after the genetic isolation of two populations, which allows their gene pools to diverge. 
B)  refers to the combination of catastrophism and Darwin's theory of evolution. 
C)  suggests that speciation occurs after intense competition. 
D)  refers to the combination of Mendel's genetic discoveries and the theory of gene flow. 
E)  has been challenged by recent fossils found in East Africa.

Question 8

Uniformitarianism states that the natural forces at work today have more or less been the same as those at work in the past.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What does Mendelian genetics study?

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in gene frequencies in breeding populations 
B)  the ways in which chromosomes transmit genes across generations 
C)  how nuclear DNA transmits information to other parts of the cell 
D)  evolution in pea plants 
E)  phenotypic mutations 
A)  changes in gene frequencies in breeding populations 
B)  the ways in which chromosomes transmit genes across generations 
C)  how nuclear DNA transmits information to other parts of the cell 
D)  evolution in pea plants 
E)  phenotypic mutations

Question 10

Adaptive traits are

Accepted Answer

A)  favored by natural selection. 
B)  caused by mutation. 
C)  not selected from one generation to the next. 
D)  selected against. 
E)  usually recessive alleles. 
A)  favored by natural selection. 
B)  caused by mutation. 
C)  not selected from one generation to the next. 
D)  selected against. 
E)  usually recessive alleles.

Question 11

How is evolution defined by population geneticists? What are the major mechanisms of genetic evolution?

Accepted Answer

Evolution, as defined by population gene

Question 12

The term gene pool refers to all the

Accepted Answer

A)  alleles, genes, chromosomes, and genotypes within a breeding population. 
B)  mutations in a breeding population. 
C)  alleles, genes, chromosomes, and genotypes of the animal kingdom. 
D)  processes of achieving a perfect fit to the environment. 
E)  mechanisms of competition over strategic resources. 
A)  alleles, genes, chromosomes, and genotypes within a breeding population. 
B)  mutations in a breeding population. 
C)  alleles, genes, chromosomes, and genotypes of the animal kingdom. 
D)  processes of achieving a perfect fit to the environment. 
E)  mechanisms of competition over strategic resources.

Question 13

Directional selection works to reduce genetic variation by removing maladaptive traits from the gene pool.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Mutations introduce genetic variation into a gene pool.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The HbS allele has been maintained in certain populations in Africa,India,and the Mediterranean because heterozygous individuals with this allele are less susceptible to malaria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the HbS allele is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is found in higher gene frequencies in regions where malaria is endemic. 
B)  It causes sickle-cell anemia in homozygous individuals. 
C)  It spread through the tropics as communities adopted slash-and-burn agriculture. 
D)  Heterozygous individuals have an increased immunity to malaria. 
E)  Homozygous individuals usually develop fatal cases of dysentery. 
A)  It is found in higher gene frequencies in regions where malaria is endemic. 
B)  It causes sickle-cell anemia in homozygous individuals. 
C)  It spread through the tropics as communities adopted slash-and-burn agriculture. 
D)  Heterozygous individuals have an increased immunity to malaria. 
E)  Homozygous individuals usually develop fatal cases of dysentery.

Question 17

Directional selection has eliminated sickle-cell anemia from all human populations,except those in regions where diabetes is endemic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

During the eighteenth century,many scholars became interested in biological diversity,human origins,and our position within the classification of plants and animals.At that time,the most commonly accepted explanation of the origin of species was

Accepted Answer

A)  catastrophism, the belief that species arise from one another through a long and gradual process of transformation. 
B)  biblical punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  creationism, the belief that biological similarities and differences originated at Creation and that these characteristics, once set, could not change. 
D)  uniformitarianism, the belief that natural forces at work today also explain past events. 
E)  Mendelianism. 
A)  catastrophism, the belief that species arise from one another through a long and gradual process of transformation. 
B)  biblical punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  creationism, the belief that biological similarities and differences originated at Creation and that these characteristics, once set, could not change. 
D)  uniformitarianism, the belief that natural forces at work today also explain past events. 
E)  Mendelianism.

Question 19

Genotype refers to expressed physical traits based on their genetic makeup.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Mendelian genetics studies the ways in which gene frequencies vary in communities from generation to generation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Evolution and Genetics

Natural selection is the only mechanism driving genetic evolution.

For natural selection to work on a particular population

One of anthropology's main lessons is that biology,language,and culture do not go together in neat bundles.Using the knowledge you have gained from this chapter,explain what this statement means,and provide examples that support your answer.

In molecular genetics,the term crossover refers to a site on the DNA molecule where homologous chromosomes have exchanged segments by breakage and recombination.

Which of the following statements about natural selection is NOT true?

Gene flow between populations works to prevent speciation.

The so-called modern synthesis,the currently accepted view of evolution,

Uniformitarianism states that the natural forces at work today have more or less been the same as those at work in the past.

What does Mendelian genetics study?

Adaptive traits are

How is evolution defined by population geneticists? What are the major mechanisms of genetic evolution?

The term gene pool refers to all the

Directional selection works to reduce genetic variation by removing maladaptive traits from the gene pool.

Mutations introduce genetic variation into a gene pool.

The HbS allele has been maintained in certain populations in Africa,India,and the Mediterranean because heterozygous individuals with this allele are less susceptible to malaria.

Which of the following statements about the HbS allele is NOT true?

Directional selection has eliminated sickle-cell anemia from all human populations,except those in regions where diabetes is endemic.

During the eighteenth century,many scholars became interested in biological diversity,human origins,and our position within the classification of plants and animals.At that time,the most commonly accepted explanation of the origin of species was

Genotype refers to expressed physical traits based on their genetic makeup.

Mendelian genetics studies the ways in which gene frequencies vary in communities from generation to generation.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

The Hb^S allele has been maintained in certain populations in Africa,India,and the Mediterranean because heterozygous individuals with this allele are less susceptible to malaria.

Which of the following statements about the Hb^S allele is NOT true?