Question 1

Which of the following suggests that primates became primates by adapting to life in the trees?

Accepted Answer

A)  visual predation hypothesis 
B)  terrestrial theory 
C)  deciduous hypothesis 
D)  mixed diet hypothesis 
E)  arboreal theory 
A)  visual predation hypothesis 
B)  terrestrial theory 
C)  deciduous hypothesis 
D)  mixed diet hypothesis 
E)  arboreal theory E

Question 2

Old World monkeys include both arboreal and terrestrial species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Primates are among the most endangered of Earth's creatures,and anthropologists who study them have played key roles in efforts to save them.What threats do primates face? In terms of expanding anthropological knowledge,why is it important to conserve our nearest relatives?

Accepted Answer

Primates face a variety of threats, including habitat loss due to deforestation and human development, hunting and poaching for the illegal wildlife trade, and the impacts of climate change. These threats have led to many primate species being classified as endangered or critically endangered, with some facing the risk of extinction.

Conserving our nearest relatives, the primates, is important for expanding anthropological knowledge because they provide valuable insights into human evolution, behavior, and biology. By studying primates, anthropologists can gain a better understanding of our own species and the factors that have shaped us over time. Additionally, primates play important roles in their ecosystems, and their conservation is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and the health of the planet as a whole. By working to save primates from extinction, anthropologists can contribute to the preservation of valuable cultural and biological resources for future generations.

Question 4

Discuss two cases of confirmed or possible convergent evolution between different primate species,indicating similarities and differences in natural selective forces and means of adaptation.

Accepted Answer

One example of confirmed convergent evol

Question 5

Sexual dimorphism tends to be more pronounced in terrestrial primate species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following was NOT one of the trends that distinguished anthropoids from other primates?

Accepted Answer

A)  a shift from reliance on smell to reliance on sight 
B)  improved stereoscopic and color vision 
C)  increased reliance on smell 
D)  a tendency toward being active during the day 
E)  none of these; all were part of the anthropoid revolution 
A)  a shift from reliance on smell to reliance on sight 
B)  improved stereoscopic and color vision 
C)  increased reliance on smell 
D)  a tendency toward being active during the day 
E)  none of these; all were part of the anthropoid revolution

Question 7

What species do some think coexisted with Homo erectus in Asia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afropithecus 
B)  Pierolapithecus 
C)  Gigantopithecus 
D)  Sivapithecus 
E)  Dryopithecus 
A)  Afropithecus 
B)  Pierolapithecus 
C)  Gigantopithecus 
D)  Sivapithecus 
E)  Dryopithecus

Question 8

How is inclusive fitness measured?

Accepted Answer

A)  with techniques developed for anthropometry 
B)  by the number of direct descendants an individual has 
C)  by maximum lung capacity 
D)  by the amount of genetic diversity in a breeding population 
E)  by the gene an individual shares with relatives 
A)  with techniques developed for anthropometry 
B)  by the number of direct descendants an individual has 
C)  by maximum lung capacity 
D)  by the amount of genetic diversity in a breeding population 
E)  by the gene an individual shares with relatives

Question 9

Homologies are similarities between two species that have been jointly inherited from a common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

It was during the Oligocene that anthropoids became the most numerous of the primates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

How is individual fitness measured?

Accepted Answer

A)  With techniques developed for anthropometry. 
B)  By the number of direct descendants an individual has. 
C)  By maximum lung capacity. 
D)  By the amount of genetic diversity in a breeding population. 
E)  By the gene an individual shares with relatives. 
A)  With techniques developed for anthropometry. 
B)  By the number of direct descendants an individual has. 
C)  By maximum lung capacity. 
D)  By the amount of genetic diversity in a breeding population. 
E)  By the gene an individual shares with relatives.

Question 12

We live in the Cenozoic era.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Phylogenetically,who are our closest relatives? What evidence is used to support this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Our closest relatives phylogenetically a

Question 14

Which of the following statements about Proconsul is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was the most abundant and successful of the anthropoids during the early Miocene. 
B)  It is probably the last common ancestor shared by Old World monkeys and apes. 
C)  It was a carnivore. 
D)  It had marked sexual dimorphism. 
E)  It lacked the capacity for brachiation. 
A)  It was the most abundant and successful of the anthropoids during the early Miocene. 
B)  It is probably the last common ancestor shared by Old World monkeys and apes. 
C)  It was a carnivore. 
D)  It had marked sexual dimorphism. 
E)  It lacked the capacity for brachiation.

Question 15

Because they are predominantly terrestrial,gorillas exhibit only minor sexual dimorphism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Platyrrhines are to catarrhines as

Accepted Answer

A)  terrestrial is to arboreal. 
B)  Old World monkeys are to New World monkeys. 
C)  New World monkeys are to Old World monkeys. 
D)  brachiators are to nonbrachiators. 
E)  prosimians are to anthropoids. 
A)  terrestrial is to arboreal. 
B)  Old World monkeys are to New World monkeys. 
C)  New World monkeys are to Old World monkeys. 
D)  brachiators are to nonbrachiators. 
E)  prosimians are to anthropoids.

Question 17

Which of the following is shared by all anthropoids?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to knuckle-walk and carry tools 
B)  bipedalism and one offspring born at a time 
C)  prehensile tails 
D)  a decrease in the size of canines and an increase in the size of molars 
E)  stereoscopic vision 
A)  the ability to knuckle-walk and carry tools 
B)  bipedalism and one offspring born at a time 
C)  prehensile tails 
D)  a decrease in the size of canines and an increase in the size of molars 
E)  stereoscopic vision

Question 18

Which of the following statements about orangutans is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The large size of the orangutan protects it from extinction. 
B)  Orangutans are the most sociable primates. 
C)  As is typical of arboreal species, the orangutan exhibits little sexual dimorphism. 
D)  Orangutans are less arboreal than gorillas. 
E)  Orangutans used to live over much of Asia but now are found only on two islands in Indonesia. 
A)  The large size of the orangutan protects it from extinction. 
B)  Orangutans are the most sociable primates. 
C)  As is typical of arboreal species, the orangutan exhibits little sexual dimorphism. 
D)  Orangutans are less arboreal than gorillas. 
E)  Orangutans used to live over much of Asia but now are found only on two islands in Indonesia.

Question 19

Which of the following primate traits are believed to have been selected for life in trees?

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer offspring and bipedalism 
B)  meat eating and aggression 
C)  larger females and gentle males 
D)  fingernails (instead of claws) and soft fingertips 
E)  stereoscopic vision and an opposable thumb 
A)  fewer offspring and bipedalism 
B)  meat eating and aggression 
C)  larger females and gentle males 
D)  fingernails (instead of claws) and soft fingertips 
E)  stereoscopic vision and an opposable thumb

Question 20

Bonobos,which belong to the same genus as chimpanzees,are exceptional among primates because of

Accepted Answer

A)  their ability to withstand the pressures of deforestation. 
B)  their male-centered communities. 
C)  the frequency with which they have sex, a behavior associated with conflict avoidance. 
D)  their marked sexual dimorphism. 
E)  their cannibalism. 
A)  their ability to withstand the pressures of deforestation. 
B)  their male-centered communities. 
C)  the frequency with which they have sex, a behavior associated with conflict avoidance. 
D)  their marked sexual dimorphism. 
E)  their cannibalism.

Exam 7: The Primates

Which of the following suggests that primates became primates by adapting to life in the trees?

Old World monkeys include both arboreal and terrestrial species.

Primates are among the most endangered of Earth's creatures,and anthropologists who study them have played key roles in efforts to save them.What threats do primates face? In terms of expanding anthropological knowledge,why is it important to conserve our nearest relatives?

Discuss two cases of confirmed or possible convergent evolution between different primate species,indicating similarities and differences in natural selective forces and means of adaptation.

Sexual dimorphism tends to be more pronounced in terrestrial primate species.

Which of the following was NOT one of the trends that distinguished anthropoids from other primates?

What species do some think coexisted with Homo erectus in Asia?

How is inclusive fitness measured?

Homologies are similarities between two species that have been jointly inherited from a common ancestor.

It was during the Oligocene that anthropoids became the most numerous of the primates.

How is individual fitness measured?

We live in the Cenozoic era.

Phylogenetically,who are our closest relatives? What evidence is used to support this relationship?

Which of the following statements about Proconsul is NOT true?

Because they are predominantly terrestrial,gorillas exhibit only minor sexual dimorphism.

Platyrrhines are to catarrhines as

Which of the following is shared by all anthropoids?

Which of the following statements about orangutans is true?

Which of the following primate traits are believed to have been selected for life in trees?

Bonobos,which belong to the same genus as chimpanzees,are exceptional among primates because of

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