Question 1

Which of the following is a difference between Homo erectus and the australopithecines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homo erectus exhibited full bipedalism. 
B)  The australopithecines' teeth suggest that they ate a lot more meat. 
C)  The cranial capacity of Homo erectus was much larger. 
D)  Homo erectus had the largest sagittal crest of any hominin. 
E)  The mortuary practices of Homo erectus were less elaborate. 
A)  Homo erectus exhibited full bipedalism. 
B)  The australopithecines' teeth suggest that they ate a lot more meat. 
C)  The cranial capacity of Homo erectus was much larger. 
D)  Homo erectus had the largest sagittal crest of any hominin. 
E)  The mortuary practices of Homo erectus were less elaborate. C

Question 2

Compared to anatomically modern humans,Neandertals exhibit a greater degree of sexual dimorphism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Biological and cultural changes enabled H.erectus to exploit a new adaptive strategy-gathering and hunting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which of the following sites is NOT included in the probable range of H.erectus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Java 
B)  China 
C)  South Africa 
D)  Alaska 
E)  Europe 
A)  Java 
B)  China 
C)  South Africa 
D)  Alaska 
E)  Europe

Question 5

Until the recent-and surprising-discovery of H.floresiensis,few scientists

Accepted Answer

A) could understand how H.erectus,with its chimplike brain size,could develop tool technologies. 
B) imagined that a different human species had survived through 12,000 B.P.,and possibly even later. 
C) believed the theory of multiregional evolution. 
D) were convinced to give up the use of the term hominid for the more accurate hominin. 
E) traveled to Indonesia. 
A) could understand how H.erectus,with its chimplike brain size,could develop tool technologies. 
B) imagined that a different human species had survived through 12,000 B.P.,and possibly even later. 
C) believed the theory of multiregional evolution. 
D) were convinced to give up the use of the term hominid for the more accurate hominin. 
E) traveled to Indonesia.

Question 6

Worldwide,what were the Middle and Upper Pleistocene characterized by?

Accepted Answer

A)  expansion in the number of hominin species 
B)  massive extinctions of hominin populations 
C)  widespread tropical rain forests 
D)  successive glacial advances and retreats 
E)  a climate much warmer than at present 
A)  expansion in the number of hominin species 
B)  massive extinctions of hominin populations 
C)  widespread tropical rain forests 
D)  successive glacial advances and retreats 
E)  a climate much warmer than at present

Question 7

Although the Neandertals are remembered more for their physiques than for their manufacturing abilities,their tool kits were sophisticated.In fact,the Mousterian technology with which Neandertals are associated

Accepted Answer

A)  included at least 14 categories of tools designed for different jobs. 
B)  was characterized by a revolutionary use of metals in combination with wood and stone. 
C)  provides the first definitive evidence of tool construction based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker. 
D)  illustrates how blades became progressively more important in human evolution, particularly in Middle and Upper Paleolithic toolmaking. 
E)  included a very complex technique involving chipping the core bilaterally and symmetrically, something never before seen in hominin toolmaking. 
A)  included at least 14 categories of tools designed for different jobs. 
B)  was characterized by a revolutionary use of metals in combination with wood and stone. 
C)  provides the first definitive evidence of tool construction based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker. 
D)  illustrates how blades became progressively more important in human evolution, particularly in Middle and Upper Paleolithic toolmaking. 
E)  included a very complex technique involving chipping the core bilaterally and symmetrically, something never before seen in hominin toolmaking.

Question 8

The fossil finds near Beijing,China (including the Zhoukoudian cave)yielded the remains of more than 40 specimens of

Accepted Answer

A)  H. habilis. 
B)  H. erectus. 
C)  archaic Homo sapiens. 
D)  Neandertals. 
E)  anatomically modern humans. 
A)  H. habilis. 
B)  H. erectus. 
C)  archaic Homo sapiens. 
D)  Neandertals. 
E)  anatomically modern humans.

Question 9

The stone-tool tradition associated with Neandertals is called the Mousterian.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The geological epoch known as the ________ has been considered the epoch of early human life.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleistocene 
B)  Cenozoic 
C)  Mousterian 
D)  Miocene 
E)  Würm 
A)  Pleistocene 
B)  Cenozoic 
C)  Mousterian 
D)  Miocene 
E)  Würm

Question 11

H.antecessor,a 780,000-year-old hominin found in Spain's Atapuerca Mountains,

Accepted Answer

A)  is the possible common ancestor of the Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. 
B)  has shocked the scientific community, because these fossils show a very small brain despite evidence of the people having sophisticated stone technologies. 
C)  provides conclusive evidence for the usefulness of population genetics. 
D)  had a brain capacity greater than H. habilis but smaller than Au. robustus. 
E)  was misrepresented in the scientific literature because its discovery occurred during a time when there was no framework for understanding evolution. 
A)  is the possible common ancestor of the Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. 
B)  has shocked the scientific community, because these fossils show a very small brain despite evidence of the people having sophisticated stone technologies. 
C)  provides conclusive evidence for the usefulness of population genetics. 
D)  had a brain capacity greater than H. habilis but smaller than Au. robustus. 
E)  was misrepresented in the scientific literature because its discovery occurred during a time when there was no framework for understanding evolution.

Question 12

Spain's Atapuerca Mountains hold one of the richest hominin fossil sites in the world.All of the following have been found in Atapuerca EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) a 1.2 million-year-old jawbone fragment from a species known as Homo antecessor,the oldest hominid fossil ever found in western Europe. 
B) a mass grave. 
C) the 780,000-year-old remains of H.antecessor,the possible common ancestor of the Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. 
D) a rich system of caves that may explain why the area was so inviting for continuous human occupation. 
E) the first definitive evidence of human control of fire by 500,000 B.P. 
A) a 1.2 million-year-old jawbone fragment from a species known as Homo antecessor,the oldest hominid fossil ever found in western Europe. 
B) a mass grave. 
C) the 780,000-year-old remains of H.antecessor,the possible common ancestor of the Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. 
D) a rich system of caves that may explain why the area was so inviting for continuous human occupation. 
E) the first definitive evidence of human control of fire by 500,000 B.P.

Question 13

Which of the following statements describes a key difference between Oldowan and Acheulean tools?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oldowan tools show an increase in size and a focus in being used for hunting. 
B)  Acheulean tools, such as the hand ax, represent a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker, suggesting a cognitive leap between earlier hominins and H. erectus. 
C)  Oldowan tools are based on the production of blades, associated with an increasing range of ways hominins exploited their biological and cultural environments. 
D)  Acheulean tools show representations of the human form on nonfunctional surfaces. 
E)  Acheulean tools constitute a move away from wood toward more plastic media like clay. 
A)  Oldowan tools show an increase in size and a focus in being used for hunting. 
B)  Acheulean tools, such as the hand ax, represent a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker, suggesting a cognitive leap between earlier hominins and H. erectus. 
C)  Oldowan tools are based on the production of blades, associated with an increasing range of ways hominins exploited their biological and cultural environments. 
D)  Acheulean tools show representations of the human form on nonfunctional surfaces. 
E)  Acheulean tools constitute a move away from wood toward more plastic media like clay.

Question 14

Several different kinds of hominin lived in Africa before and after the advent of Homo.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What are the main morphological differences between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans? How have these differences been interpreted?

Accepted Answer

The main morphological differences betwe

Question 16

One of the most surprising aspects of the recent discovery of H.floresiensis,a species of tiny people who lived,gathered,and hunted on the Indonesian island of Flores from about 95,000 B.P. until at least 13,000B.P., is the specimens' very large skulls; yet they lacked behaviors associated with anatomically modern humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

How do biological changes in H.erectus reflect new cultural adaptive strategies? How do these relate to H.erectus's capacity to extend the hominin range beyond Africa to Asia and Europe?

Accepted Answer

The biological changes in H. erectus ref

Question 18

The Acheulean tradition is characterized by core choppers that were made by removing flakes from one end of a core.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The earliest Acheulean tools associated with H.erectus come from the Kokiselei site near Lake Turkana in Kenya.What are the characteristics of these tools?

Accepted Answer

A)  symmetry, uniformity, and planning 
B)  less sophistication than Oldowan tools 
C)  a low degree of functional differentiation 
D)  symbolic etchings that indicate ritual behavior 
E)  a high degree of variance in shape, indicating styles were not uniform 
A)  symmetry, uniformity, and planning 
B)  less sophistication than Oldowan tools 
C)  a low degree of functional differentiation 
D)  symbolic etchings that indicate ritual behavior 
E)  a high degree of variance in shape, indicating styles were not uniform

Question 20

What is so significant about the recent fossil finds of an H.erectus and an H.habilis from Ileret,Kenya,east of Lake Turkana?

Accepted Answer

A)  They prove that H. erectus and H. habilis coexisted in the same ecological niche and eventually interbred to result in a single species. 
B)  They confirm that H. habilis evolved from H.erectus. 
C)  They prove that sexual dimorphism was finally absent as a trend in human evolution by 2 m.y.a. 
D)  They negate the conventional view held since 1960 that habilis and erectus evolved one after the other. Instead, they lived side by side in eastern Africa for perhaps half a million years. 
E)  They prove that functional differentiation in toolmaking preceded the advent of Homo. 
A)  They prove that H. erectus and H. habilis coexisted in the same ecological niche and eventually interbred to result in a single species. 
B)  They confirm that H. habilis evolved from H.erectus. 
C)  They prove that sexual dimorphism was finally absent as a trend in human evolution by 2 m.y.a. 
D)  They negate the conventional view held since 1960 that habilis and erectus evolved one after the other. Instead, they lived side by side in eastern Africa for perhaps half a million years. 
E)  They prove that functional differentiation in toolmaking preceded the advent of Homo.

Exam 9: Archaic Homo

Which of the following is a difference between Homo erectus and the australopithecines?

Compared to anatomically modern humans,Neandertals exhibit a greater degree of sexual dimorphism.

Biological and cultural changes enabled H.erectus to exploit a new adaptive strategy-gathering and hunting.

Which of the following sites is NOT included in the probable range of H.erectus?

Until the recent-and surprising-discovery of H.floresiensis,few scientists

Worldwide,what were the Middle and Upper Pleistocene characterized by?

Although the Neandertals are remembered more for their physiques than for their manufacturing abilities,their tool kits were sophisticated.In fact,the Mousterian technology with which Neandertals are associated

The fossil finds near Beijing,China (including the Zhoukoudian cave)yielded the remains of more than 40 specimens of

The stone-tool tradition associated with Neandertals is called the Mousterian.

The geological epoch known as the ________ has been considered the epoch of early human life.

H.antecessor,a 780,000-year-old hominin found in Spain's Atapuerca Mountains,

Spain's Atapuerca Mountains hold one of the richest hominin fossil sites in the world.All of the following have been found in Atapuerca EXCEPT

Which of the following statements describes a key difference between Oldowan and Acheulean tools?

Several different kinds of hominin lived in Africa before and after the advent of Homo.

What are the main morphological differences between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans? How have these differences been interpreted?

How do biological changes in H.erectus reflect new cultural adaptive strategies? How do these relate to H.erectus's capacity to extend the hominin range beyond Africa to Asia and Europe?

The Acheulean tradition is characterized by core choppers that were made by removing flakes from one end of a core.

The earliest Acheulean tools associated with H.erectus come from the Kokiselei site near Lake Turkana in Kenya.What are the characteristics of these tools?

What is so significant about the recent fossil finds of an H.erectus and an H.habilis from Ileret,Kenya,east of Lake Turkana?

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