Question 1

Which of the following traits does NOT characterize a Neandertal skull?

Accepted Answer

A)  a broad face 
B)  a large brow ridge 
C)  huge front teeth 
D)  huge molars 
E)  an average cranial capacity larger than that of modern humans 
A)  a broad face 
B)  a large brow ridge 
C)  huge front teeth 
D)  huge molars 
E)  an average cranial capacity larger than that of modern humans

Question 2

The Paleolithic tool tradition associated with H.erectus is the Acheulean.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In this chapter we learn how the Acheulean hand ax represents a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker.How might have scientists analyzing these tools made that assessment? What are the implications of such a finding?

Accepted Answer

Scientists analyzing Acheulean hand axes

Question 4

What is the name of the stone-tool tradition associated with Neandertals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oldowan 
B)  Acheulean 
C)  Mousterian 
D)  blades 
E)  microliths 
A)  Oldowan 
B)  Acheulean 
C)  Mousterian 
D)  blades 
E)  microliths

Question 5

Biological and cultural changes enabled H.erectus to exploit a new adaptive strategy-gathering and hunting.This in turn was crucial for H.erectus to

Accepted Answer

A)  diminish the mortality rate due to violent encounters with large animals and other hominins. 
B)  overcome its greatest challenge: an imperfect bipedal gait. 
C)  beat out H. habilis in competition for key ecological niches. 
D)  push the hominin range beyond Africa, into Asia and Europe. 
E)  bring about the onset of complex language. 
A)  diminish the mortality rate due to violent encounters with large animals and other hominins. 
B)  overcome its greatest challenge: an imperfect bipedal gait. 
C)  beat out H. habilis in competition for key ecological niches. 
D)  push the hominin range beyond Africa, into Asia and Europe. 
E)  bring about the onset of complex language.

Question 6

Recently,a team uncovered a 1.2-million-year-old jawbone fragment from a species known as Homo antecessor in the Atapuerca Mountains of Spain.The oldest hominid fossil ever found in western Europe,it provides conclusive evidence that Neandertals interbred with archaic modern humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following cold-weather adaptations predates the appearance of Neandertals?

Accepted Answer

A)  a stocky anatomy 
B)  the use of fire 
C)  wearing clothes probably made from animal skins 
D)  massive nasal cavities and brow ridges 
E)  a facial projection 
A)  a stocky anatomy 
B)  the use of fire 
C)  wearing clothes probably made from animal skins 
D)  massive nasal cavities and brow ridges 
E)  a facial projection

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT associated with H.erectus?

Accepted Answer

A)  cave painting 
B)  a massive ridge over the eyebrows 
C)  more sophisticated toolmaking 
D)  the use of fire 
E)  the development of Acheulean tools 
A)  cave painting 
B)  a massive ridge over the eyebrows 
C)  more sophisticated toolmaking 
D)  the use of fire 
E)  the development of Acheulean tools

Question 9

Which of the following statements about Homo erectus fossils is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They show a thickening of the skull wall, probably as an adaptation to game hunting and interpersonal violence. 
B)  They indicate increasing hunting proficiency. 
C)  They are often found associated with Acheulean stone tools. 
D)  They have hyperrobust chewing muscles and broad, flat molars. 
E)  They show an increasing reliance on cultural adaptation. 
A)  They show a thickening of the skull wall, probably as an adaptation to game hunting and interpersonal violence. 
B)  They indicate increasing hunting proficiency. 
C)  They are often found associated with Acheulean stone tools. 
D)  They have hyperrobust chewing muscles and broad, flat molars. 
E)  They show an increasing reliance on cultural adaptation.

Question 10

The recent hominin fossil finds from Ileret,Kenya,negate the conventional view held since 1960 that H.habilis and H.erectus evolved one after the other.Instead,they lived side by side in eastern Africa for perhaps half a million years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Given the potential for language-based communications in activities such as cooperative hunting and the manufacture of complicated tools,and given brain size within the low H.sapiens range,it seems plausible to assume that Au.boisei had rudimentary speech.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What have researchers learned by looking at the molars and other cranial features of H.erectus,such as a superorbital torus and an occipital bun?

Accepted Answer

A)  H. erectus was more dependent on tubers than earlier hominins. 
B)  H. erectus was more dependent on hunting-and the lifestyle it demanded-than were earlier hominins. 
C)  The chewing apparatus of H. erectus was essentially the same as that of H. habilis. 
D)  The paucity of dental remains of H. erectus has made it difficult for researchers to say anything significant. 
E)  H. erectus had yet to make the shift to hunting seen later on with Neandertals. 
A)  H. erectus was more dependent on tubers than earlier hominins. 
B)  H. erectus was more dependent on hunting-and the lifestyle it demanded-than were earlier hominins. 
C)  The chewing apparatus of H. erectus was essentially the same as that of H. habilis. 
D)  The paucity of dental remains of H. erectus has made it difficult for researchers to say anything significant. 
E)  H. erectus had yet to make the shift to hunting seen later on with Neandertals.

Question 13

The Acheulean hand ax,shaped like a teardrop,represents a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker.Evidence for such a mental template in the archaeological record suggests a cognitive leap between earlier hominins and H.erectus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Discuss the major anatomical differences between the australopithecines and H.erectus.What are the major anatomical differences between H.erectus and modern human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The major anatomical differences between

Question 15

What is the name of the time period that evolved out of the Oldowan,or pebble tool,tradition and lasted until about 15,000 years ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oldowan 
B)  Acheulean 
C)  Chalcolithic 
D)  Paleolithic 
E)  Neolithic 
A)  Oldowan 
B)  Acheulean 
C)  Chalcolithic 
D)  Paleolithic 
E)  Neolithic

Question 16

What is the most likely explanation of why early Homo left Africa and spread into Eurasia?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hyperspecialization in vegetarian diets 
B)  the pursuit of meat 
C)  Homo's smaller bodies, which made them more fit for long-distance travel 
D)  overpopulation in Africa 
E)  a maladaptation to a more energy-inefficient system of locomotion 
A)  a hyperspecialization in vegetarian diets 
B)  the pursuit of meat 
C)  Homo's smaller bodies, which made them more fit for long-distance travel 
D)  overpopulation in Africa 
E)  a maladaptation to a more energy-inefficient system of locomotion

Question 17

Drawing on biological and cultural evidence,discuss the major similarities and differences in the cultural adaptive strategies employed by Australopithecus and H.erectus.

Accepted Answer

Australopithecus and H. erectus were bot

Question 18

H.erectus is generally associated with which of the following technologies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neolithic 
B)  Oldowan 
C)  Mousterian 
D)  Acheulean 
E)  Upper Paleolithic 
A)  Neolithic 
B)  Oldowan 
C)  Mousterian 
D)  Acheulean 
E)  Upper Paleolithic

Question 19

In addition to their stocky bodies,which were adapted to conserve heat,Neandertals made clothes,developed elaborate tools,and hunted reindeer,mammoths,and woolly rhinos in order to adapt to the cold climate in Europe during the Würm glaciation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

European fossils and tools have contributed disproportionately to our knowledge and interpretation of early (archaic)H.sapiens.What explains this?

Accepted Answer

A)  that anatomically modern humans evolved in France 
B)  the richness of data from the Zhoukoudian site 
C)  the long history of Paleolithic archaeology in Europe relative to other regions in the world 
D)  that archaic H. sapiens were driven to Europe by the more aggressive Cro-Magnons 
E)  stratigraphic disturbances caused by glaciers 
A)  that anatomically modern humans evolved in France 
B)  the richness of data from the Zhoukoudian site 
C)  the long history of Paleolithic archaeology in Europe relative to other regions in the world 
D)  that archaic H. sapiens were driven to Europe by the more aggressive Cro-Magnons 
E)  stratigraphic disturbances caused by glaciers

Exam 9: Archaic Homo

Which of the following traits does NOT characterize a Neandertal skull?

The Paleolithic tool tradition associated with H.erectus is the Acheulean.

In this chapter we learn how the Acheulean hand ax represents a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker.How might have scientists analyzing these tools made that assessment? What are the implications of such a finding?

What is the name of the stone-tool tradition associated with Neandertals?

Biological and cultural changes enabled H.erectus to exploit a new adaptive strategy-gathering and hunting.This in turn was crucial for H.erectus to

Recently,a team uncovered a 1.2-million-year-old jawbone fragment from a species known as Homo antecessor in the Atapuerca Mountains of Spain.The oldest hominid fossil ever found in western Europe,it provides conclusive evidence that Neandertals interbred with archaic modern humans.

Which of the following cold-weather adaptations predates the appearance of Neandertals?

Which of the following is NOT associated with H.erectus?

Which of the following statements about Homo erectus fossils is NOT true?

The recent hominin fossil finds from Ileret,Kenya,negate the conventional view held since 1960 that H.habilis and H.erectus evolved one after the other.Instead,they lived side by side in eastern Africa for perhaps half a million years.

Given the potential for language-based communications in activities such as cooperative hunting and the manufacture of complicated tools,and given brain size within the low H.sapiens range,it seems plausible to assume that Au.boisei had rudimentary speech.

What have researchers learned by looking at the molars and other cranial features of H.erectus,such as a superorbital torus and an occipital bun?

The Acheulean hand ax,shaped like a teardrop,represents a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker.Evidence for such a mental template in the archaeological record suggests a cognitive leap between earlier hominins and H.erectus.

Discuss the major anatomical differences between the australopithecines and H.erectus.What are the major anatomical differences between H.erectus and modern human anatomy?

What is the name of the time period that evolved out of the Oldowan,or pebble tool,tradition and lasted until about 15,000 years ago?

What is the most likely explanation of why early Homo left Africa and spread into Eurasia?

Drawing on biological and cultural evidence,discuss the major similarities and differences in the cultural adaptive strategies employed by Australopithecus and H.erectus.

H.erectus is generally associated with which of the following technologies?

In addition to their stocky bodies,which were adapted to conserve heat,Neandertals made clothes,developed elaborate tools,and hunted reindeer,mammoths,and woolly rhinos in order to adapt to the cold climate in Europe during the Würm glaciation.

European fossils and tools have contributed disproportionately to our knowledge and interpretation of early (archaic)H.sapiens.What explains this?

What Is Anthropology

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Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

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Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

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