Question 1

What kinds of societies typically are associated with slash-and-burn cultivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  foraging societies 
B)  state-level societies 
C)  hydraulic societies 
D)  nonindustrial societies 
E)  nomadic societies 
A)  foraging societies 
B)  state-level societies 
C)  hydraulic societies 
D)  nonindustrial societies 
E)  nomadic societies

Question 2

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The Kalahari Desert of southern Africa is home to the foraging group known as the Ju/'hoansi San.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Why do slash-and-burn cultivators stop using a plot of land every two to three years?

Accepted Answer

A)  They burn so much wood that the air becomes too polluted to support a healthful existence. 
B)  Slash-and-burn cultivation is unique to segmentary-lineage organized societies, and crop rotation follows the cycle of interlineage exchange. 
C)  Slash-and-burn cultivation is associated with big-game hunting, which requires regular movement so as not to deplete the animal population. 
D)  Slash-and-burn cultivators use relatively primitive irrigation systems, which have to be repaired every three to four years. 
E)  The wild vegetation needs time to reestablish itself before it is burned to clear the land and fertilize the soil. 
A)  They burn so much wood that the air becomes too polluted to support a healthful existence. 
B)  Slash-and-burn cultivation is unique to segmentary-lineage organized societies, and crop rotation follows the cycle of interlineage exchange. 
C)  Slash-and-burn cultivation is associated with big-game hunting, which requires regular movement so as not to deplete the animal population. 
D)  Slash-and-burn cultivators use relatively primitive irrigation systems, which have to be repaired every three to four years. 
E)  The wild vegetation needs time to reestablish itself before it is burned to clear the land and fertilize the soil.

Question 5

Why do anthropologists question the idea that present-day foragers can be compared to Paleolithic foragers?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are no present-day foragers. 
B)  The types of foraging vary so widely that few generalizations can be drawn. 
C)  Present-day foragers have been in contact with food-producing and industrialized societies for long periods of time and all live within nation-states that inevitably affect their livelihood. 
D)  Paleolithic foragers were pre-linguistic. 
E)  Paleolithic foragers were not Homo sapiens. 
A)  There are no present-day foragers. 
B)  The types of foraging vary so widely that few generalizations can be drawn. 
C)  Present-day foragers have been in contact with food-producing and industrialized societies for long periods of time and all live within nation-states that inevitably affect their livelihood. 
D)  Paleolithic foragers were pre-linguistic. 
E)  Paleolithic foragers were not Homo sapiens.

Question 6

How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.

Accepted Answer

A rent fund and a subsistence fund are t

Question 7

Generalized reciprocity

Accepted Answer

A)  is characterized by the immediate return of the object exchanged. 
B)  is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies. 
C)  usually develops after redistribution but before the market principle. 
D)  disappears with the origin of the state. 
E)  is exemplified by silent trade. 
A)  is characterized by the immediate return of the object exchanged. 
B)  is the characteristic form of exchange in egalitarian societies. 
C)  usually develops after redistribution but before the market principle. 
D)  disappears with the origin of the state. 
E)  is exemplified by silent trade.

Question 8

In order to intensify production,agriculturalists frequently build irrigation canals and terraces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire population moves with their animals throughout the year?

Accepted Answer

A)  balanced subsistence 
B)  discretionary pastoralism 
C)  pastoral nomadism 
D)  foraging 
E)  transhumance 
A)  balanced subsistence 
B)  discretionary pastoralism 
C)  pastoral nomadism 
D)  foraging 
E)  transhumance

Question 10

Which of the following kinds of exchange is characteristic among the members of a family?

Accepted Answer

A)  generalized reciprocity 
B)  balanced reciprocity 
C)  negative reciprocity 
D)  redistribution 
E)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  generalized reciprocity 
B)  balanced reciprocity 
C)  negative reciprocity 
D)  redistribution 
E)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 11

We should not view contemporary foragers as isolated or pristine survivors of the Stone Age.Why? What is the evidence to suggest this view?

Accepted Answer

Contemporary foragers should not be view

Question 12

In nonindustrial societies,economic activities are embedded in the society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Do people in all societies maximize material benefits? If not,what other things could be maximized to help explain their motives in everyday life? Do anthropologists believe that the profit maximization motive is a universal? What do you think? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

No, people in all societies do not neces

Question 14

Who are peasants?

Accepted Answer

A)  people who ignore social norms of behavior 
B)  small-scale farmers who own their own land and sell all their crops to buy necessities 
C)  small-scale farmers with rent fund obligations 
D)  anyone who lives in the country 
E)  anyone who falls below the poverty line 
A)  people who ignore social norms of behavior 
B)  small-scale farmers who own their own land and sell all their crops to buy necessities 
C)  small-scale farmers with rent fund obligations 
D)  anyone who lives in the country 
E)  anyone who falls below the poverty line

Question 15

Economic relationships are characteristically embedded in other relationships,such as kinship,in all of the following kinds of societies EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  states. 
B)  foragers. 
C)  horticulturalists. 
D)  pastoralists. 
E)  chiefdoms. 
A)  states. 
B)  foragers. 
C)  horticulturalists. 
D)  pastoralists. 
E)  chiefdoms.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is typically associated with the use of draft animals. 
B)  It cannot support permanent villages. 
C)  It requires irrigation. 
D)  It requires cultivators to change plots of land, with the fallowing durations varying in different societies. 
E)  It relies extensively on chemical fertilizers. 
A)  It is typically associated with the use of draft animals. 
B)  It cannot support permanent villages. 
C)  It requires irrigation. 
D)  It requires cultivators to change plots of land, with the fallowing durations varying in different societies. 
E)  It relies extensively on chemical fertilizers.

Question 17

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" section discusses economic globalization.Which of the following is an outcome of our 21st-century global economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Modern-day transnational finance has shifted economic control of local life to outsiders. 
B)  Economic functions are now locally controlled. 
C)  Foreigners now finance only a small percentage of the U.S. national debt. 
D)  American companies are withdrawing from foreign markets. 
E)  With increasing globalization there is increased face-to-face contact in economic transactions. 
A)  Modern-day transnational finance has shifted economic control of local life to outsiders. 
B)  Economic functions are now locally controlled. 
C)  Foreigners now finance only a small percentage of the U.S. national debt. 
D)  American companies are withdrawing from foreign markets. 
E)  With increasing globalization there is increased face-to-face contact in economic transactions.

Question 18

Which of the following is most characteristic of foragers?

Accepted Answer

A)  unilineal descent and ancestor worship 
B)  territoriality and organized warfare 
C)  high mobility and small groups with flexible affiliations 
D)  a redistributive economy and specialized leadership roles 
E)  permanent villages and full-time priests 
A)  unilineal descent and ancestor worship 
B)  territoriality and organized warfare 
C)  high mobility and small groups with flexible affiliations 
D)  a redistributive economy and specialized leadership roles 
E)  permanent villages and full-time priests

Question 19

What is industrial alienation? What kinds of activities are most likely to be associated with alienation? What activities in our own society are most alienating? Which are least so?

Accepted Answer

Industrial alienation refers to the feel

Question 20

With generalized reciprocity,the individuals participating in the exchange usually do not know the other person prior to the exchange.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Making a Living

What kinds of societies typically are associated with slash-and-burn cultivation?

The high level of intensification and long-term dependability of horticulture paved the way for the emergence of large urban settlements and the first states.

The Kalahari Desert of southern Africa is home to the foraging group known as the Ju/'hoansi San.

Why do slash-and-burn cultivators stop using a plot of land every two to three years?

Why do anthropologists question the idea that present-day foragers can be compared to Paleolithic foragers?

How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to clarify your argument.

Generalized reciprocity

In order to intensify production,agriculturalists frequently build irrigation canals and terraces.

What term refers to the type of pastoral economy in which the entire population moves with their animals throughout the year?

Which of the following kinds of exchange is characteristic among the members of a family?

We should not view contemporary foragers as isolated or pristine survivors of the Stone Age.Why? What is the evidence to suggest this view?

In nonindustrial societies,economic activities are embedded in the society.

Do people in all societies maximize material benefits? If not,what other things could be maximized to help explain their motives in everyday life? Do anthropologists believe that the profit maximization motive is a universal? What do you think? Explain your answer.

Who are peasants?

Economic relationships are characteristically embedded in other relationships,such as kinship,in all of the following kinds of societies EXCEPT

Which of the following statements about shifting cultivation is true?

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" section discusses economic globalization.Which of the following is an outcome of our 21st-century global economy?

Which of the following is most characteristic of foragers?

What is industrial alienation? What kinds of activities are most likely to be associated with alienation? What activities in our own society are most alienating? Which are least so?

With generalized reciprocity,the individuals participating in the exchange usually do not know the other person prior to the exchange.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" section discusses economic globalization.Which of the following is an outcome of our 21^st-century global economy?