Question 1

Which of the following statements is consistent with the observations of Maslow?

Accepted Answer

A) Motivation research must look at each need and drive apart from others. 
B) A specific human behavior is typically initiated by a solitary need or drive. 
C) Higher-order needs are not influenced by personal and social influences. 
D) Maslow refocused attention on need gratification instead of need deprivation. 
E) Maslow suggested that people are naturally motivated to reach their potential. 
A) Motivation research must look at each need and drive apart from others. 
B) A specific human behavior is typically initiated by a solitary need or drive. 
C) Higher-order needs are not influenced by personal and social influences. 
D) Maslow refocused attention on need gratification instead of need deprivation. 
E) Maslow suggested that people are naturally motivated to reach their potential. E

Question 2

The _____ of human beings are also called primary needs.

Accepted Answer

A) beliefs 
B) values 
C) attitudes 
D) drives 
E) thoughts 
A) beliefs 
B) values 
C) attitudes 
D) drives 
E) thoughts D

Question 3

Explain the three "learned" needs of the learned needs theory examined by McClelland.

Accepted Answer

McClelland examined three "learned" needs: achievement, power, and affiliation.Need for achievement.People with a strong need for achievement (nAch) want to accomplish reasonably challenging goals through their own effort.They prefer working alone rather than in teams, and they choose tasks with a moderate degree of risk.High-nAch people also desire unambiguous feedback and recognition for their success.Money is a weak motivator, except when it provides feedback and recognition.In contrast, employees with a low nAch perform their work better when money is used as an incentive.Need for affiliation.It refers to a desire to seek approval from others, conform to their wishes and expectations, and avoid conflict and confrontation.People with a strong nAff try to project a favorable image of themselves.They tend to actively support others and try to smooth out workplace conflicts.However, they tend to be less effective at allocating scarce resources and making other decisions that potentially generate conflict.People in decision-making positions must have a relatively low need for affiliation so that their choices and actions are not biased by a personal need for approval.Need for power.People with a high need for power (nPow) want to exercise control over others and are concerned about maintaining their leadership position.They frequently rely on persuasive communication, make more suggestions in meetings, and tend to publicly evaluate situations more frequently.McClelland pointed out that there are two types of nPow.Individuals, who enjoy their power for its own sake, use it to advance personal interests, and wear their power as a status symbol have personalized power.Others mainly have a high need for socialized power because they desire power as a means to help others.

Question 4

With respect to procedural justice, the "value-expressive" function that "voice" provides refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A) feeling employees get when they feel valued at work. 
B) way employees feel after voicing their opinions. 
C) cathartic benefits of shouting at each other. 
D) sense of pride employees derive when they are eloquent during presentations. 
E) the stand-off situation that arises as a consequence of the collective voice of the employees. 
A) feeling employees get when they feel valued at work. 
B) way employees feel after voicing their opinions. 
C) cathartic benefits of shouting at each other. 
D) sense of pride employees derive when they are eloquent during presentations. 
E) the stand-off situation that arises as a consequence of the collective voice of the employees.

Question 5

ABC Corp.brought in a performance-based reward system that accurately identified employees who performed better than others.This practice improves employee motivation by:

Accepted Answer

A) increasing employee needs 
B) reducing feelings of inequity 
C) improving E-to-P expectancies 
D) improving P-to-O expectancies 
E) increasing outcome valence 
A) increasing employee needs 
B) reducing feelings of inequity 
C) improving E-to-P expectancies 
D) improving P-to-O expectancies 
E) increasing outcome valence

Question 6

Which of the following theories suggests that employee motivation is influenced by what other people contribute to and receive from the organization?

Accepted Answer

A) Expectancy theory 
B) Equity theory 
C) Needs-based theory 
D) Need theory 
E) Goal setting theory 
A) Expectancy theory 
B) Equity theory 
C) Needs-based theory 
D) Need theory 
E) Goal setting theory

Question 7

In the equity theory model, a 'comparison other' is an individual or group of people with whom the person compares his or her outcome/input ratio.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The typical employee is very engaged with the organization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to the needs hierarchy theory, the concept of self-actualization suggests that people are naturally motivated to reach their potential.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

According to the four-drive theory, which of the following drives is the foundation of competition and the basis of our need for esteem?

Accepted Answer

A) Drive to acquire 
B) Drive to dominate 
C) Drive to defend 
D) Drive to bond 
E) Drive to learn 
A) Drive to acquire 
B) Drive to dominate 
C) Drive to defend 
D) Drive to bond 
E) Drive to learn

Question 11

The expectancy theory of motivation states that people naturally direct their effort towards behaviors they believe are most likely to lead to desired outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Feelings of procedural injustice produce anger, which, in turn, generates either withdrawal or aggression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A way to increase an employee's E-to-P expectancy regarding a specific task is to increase the person's self-confidence through counseling and coaching.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Maslow's needs hierarchy theory incorporates only five basic categories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Everyone has the same drives, but they develop different intensities of needs in a particular situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

_____ states that much learning and motivation occurs by observing and modeling others, as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) Equity theory 
B) Expectancy theory 
C) Four-drive theory 
D) Reinforcement theory 
E) Social cognitive theory 
A) Equity theory 
B) Expectancy theory 
C) Four-drive theory 
D) Reinforcement theory 
E) Social cognitive theory

Question 17

Drives are innate, universal, and are the "prime movers" of behavior because they generate emotions, which put people in a state of readiness to act on their environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to equity theory:

Accepted Answer

A) all employees of an organization have the same needs over their working lives. 
B) money should never be used to motivate employees. 
C) employees should set their own goals and performance standards. 
D) the selection of comparison other varies from one person to the next. 
E) improving job security and working conditions will improve job satisfaction and, consequently, employee motivation. 
A) all employees of an organization have the same needs over their working lives. 
B) money should never be used to motivate employees. 
C) employees should set their own goals and performance standards. 
D) the selection of comparison other varies from one person to the next. 
E) improving job security and working conditions will improve job satisfaction and, consequently, employee motivation.

Question 19

Outcome/input ratio and comparison other are elements of:

Accepted Answer

A) innate drives theory. 
B) Maslow's needs hierarchy. 
C) equity theory. 
D) expectancy theory. 
E) goal setting theory. 
A) innate drives theory. 
B) Maslow's needs hierarchy. 
C) equity theory. 
D) expectancy theory. 
E) goal setting theory.

Question 20

According to expectancy theory, an outcome that opposes our values has:

Accepted Answer

A) a high E-to-P expectancy. 
B) an inappropriate comparison other. 
C) a negative outcome valence. 
D) a low P-to-O expectancy. 
E) a low need for socialized power. 
A) a high E-to-P expectancy. 
B) an inappropriate comparison other. 
C) a negative outcome valence. 
D) a low P-to-O expectancy. 
E) a low need for socialized power.

Which of the following statements is consistent with the observations of Maslow?

The _____ of human beings are also called primary needs.

Explain the three "learned" needs of the learned needs theory examined by McClelland.

With respect to procedural justice, the "value-expressive" function that "voice" provides refers to the:

ABC Corp.brought in a performance-based reward system that accurately identified employees who performed better than others.This practice improves employee motivation by:

Which of the following theories suggests that employee motivation is influenced by what other people contribute to and receive from the organization?

In the equity theory model, a 'comparison other' is an individual or group of people with whom the person compares his or her outcome/input ratio.

The typical employee is very engaged with the organization.

According to the needs hierarchy theory, the concept of self-actualization suggests that people are naturally motivated to reach their potential.

According to the four-drive theory, which of the following drives is the foundation of competition and the basis of our need for esteem?

The expectancy theory of motivation states that people naturally direct their effort towards behaviors they believe are most likely to lead to desired outcomes.

Feelings of procedural injustice produce anger, which, in turn, generates either withdrawal or aggression.

A way to increase an employee's E-to-P expectancy regarding a specific task is to increase the person's self-confidence through counseling and coaching.

Maslow's needs hierarchy theory incorporates only five basic categories.

Everyone has the same drives, but they develop different intensities of needs in a particular situation.

_____ states that much learning and motivation occurs by observing and modeling others, as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior.

Drives are innate, universal, and are the "prime movers" of behavior because they generate emotions, which put people in a state of readiness to act on their environment.

According to equity theory:

Outcome/input ratio and comparison other are elements of:

According to expectancy theory, an outcome that opposes our values has:

Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behavior

Individual Behavior, Personality, and Values

Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations

Workplace Emotions, Attitudes, and Stress

Applied Performance Practices

Decision Making and Creativity

Team Dynamics

Communicating in Teams and Organizations

Power and Influence in the Workplace

Conflict and Negotiation in the Workplace

Leadership in Organizational Settings

Designing Organizational Structures

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change

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Exam 5: Foundations of Employee Motivation

Which of the following statements is consistent with the observations of Maslow?

The _____ of human beings are also called primary needs.

Explain the three "learned" needs of the learned needs theory examined by McClelland.

With respect to procedural justice, the "value-expressive" function that "voice" provides refers to the:

ABC Corp.brought in a performance-based reward system that accurately identified employees who performed better than others.This practice improves employee motivation by:

Which of the following theories suggests that employee motivation is influenced by what other people contribute to and receive from the organization?

In the equity theory model, a 'comparison other' is an individual or group of people with whom the person compares his or her outcome/input ratio.

The typical employee is very engaged with the organization.

According to the needs hierarchy theory, the concept of self-actualization suggests that people are naturally motivated to reach their potential.

According to the four-drive theory, which of the following drives is the foundation of competition and the basis of our need for esteem?

The expectancy theory of motivation states that people naturally direct their effort towards behaviors they believe are most likely to lead to desired outcomes.

Feelings of procedural injustice produce anger, which, in turn, generates either withdrawal or aggression.

A way to increase an employee's E-to-P expectancy regarding a specific task is to increase the person's self-confidence through counseling and coaching.

Maslow's needs hierarchy theory incorporates only five basic categories.

Everyone has the same drives, but they develop different intensities of needs in a particular situation.

_____ states that much learning and motivation occurs by observing and modeling others, as well as by anticipating the consequences of our behavior.

Drives are innate, universal, and are the "prime movers" of behavior because they generate emotions, which put people in a state of readiness to act on their environment.

According to equity theory:

Outcome/input ratio and comparison other are elements of:

According to expectancy theory, an outcome that opposes our values has:

Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behavior

Individual Behavior, Personality, and Values

Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations

Workplace Emotions, Attitudes, and Stress

Applied Performance Practices

Decision Making and Creativity

Team Dynamics

Communicating in Teams and Organizations

Power and Influence in the Workplace

Conflict and Negotiation in the Workplace

Leadership in Organizational Settings

Designing Organizational Structures

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change

Filters