Question 1

Which of the following was NOT used by the traditional Inuit to handle disputes?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood feuds 
B)  song contests 
C)  killing of the offender 
D)  courts of law 
E)  kin ties 
A)  blood feuds 
B)  song contests 
C)  killing of the offender 
D)  courts of law 
E)  kin ties

Question 2

Kottak prefers the term sociopolitical organization to Morton Fried's term political organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives, because

Accepted Answer

A)  the term sociopolitical is more politically correct. 
B)  anthropologists and political scientists have an interest in political systems and organization, but they cannot agree on the same terminology. 
C)  sociopolitical is the term that the founders of anthropology used to refer to the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives. 
D)  the term political refers only to contemporary Western states. 
E)  Fried's definition is much less applicable to nonstates, in which it is often difficult to detect any public policy. 
A)  the term sociopolitical is more politically correct. 
B)  anthropologists and political scientists have an interest in political systems and organization, but they cannot agree on the same terminology. 
C)  sociopolitical is the term that the founders of anthropology used to refer to the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives. 
D)  the term political refers only to contemporary Western states. 
E)  Fried's definition is much less applicable to nonstates, in which it is often difficult to detect any public policy.

Question 3

With the rise of states, kinship's role in society continued to grow and dominate daily activities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What are the major results and implications of food production? How does reliance on food production affect the social, economic, and political organization of societies that practice it?

Accepted Answer

The major results of food production inc

Question 5

The Inuit song battle is

Accepted Answer

A)  sometimes the occasion for a "treacherous feast." 
B)  a widespread feature of tribal society. 
C)  a ritualized means of designating hunting lands. 
D)  a means of resolving disputes so as to forestall open conflict. 
E)  used to initiate colonial strategies. 
A)  sometimes the occasion for a "treacherous feast." 
B)  a widespread feature of tribal society. 
C)  a ritualized means of designating hunting lands. 
D)  a means of resolving disputes so as to forestall open conflict. 
E)  used to initiate colonial strategies.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about nonstate societies is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Warfare is conducted by professional armies. 
B)  Political institutions are maintained totally separate from economic institutions. 
C)  Social control is maintained mostly through physical coercion. 
D)  Economic, political, and religious activities are often embedded in one another. 
E)  All political power is based on religion. 
A)  Warfare is conducted by professional armies. 
B)  Political institutions are maintained totally separate from economic institutions. 
C)  Social control is maintained mostly through physical coercion. 
D)  Economic, political, and religious activities are often embedded in one another. 
E)  All political power is based on religion.

Question 7

Tribal societies, which are typically organized by village life or membership in descent groups, tend to be egalitarian. However, egalitarianism diminishes

Accepted Answer

A)  as tribal leaders gain too much power and start to put it to use to buy favors. 
B)  as village size and population density increase. 
C)  as the village head's family grows. 
D)  the closer one is to the big man's wife. 
E)  as the overall population ages. 
A)  as tribal leaders gain too much power and start to put it to use to buy favors. 
B)  as village size and population density increase. 
C)  as the village head's family grows. 
D)  the closer one is to the big man's wife. 
E)  as the overall population ages.

Question 8

How does Morton Fried define political organization? Why does Kottak prefer to use the term sociopolitical organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives?

Accepted Answer

Morton Fried defines political organizat

Question 9

In which of the following forms of political organization is it most likely that the most important leaders will acquire their positions based upon personal background or ability, rather than heredity?

Accepted Answer

A)  tribal societies 
B)  feudal states 
C)  imagined communities 
D)  chiefdoms 
E)  agrarian, preindustrial states 
A)  tribal societies 
B)  feudal states 
C)  imagined communities 
D)  chiefdoms 
E)  agrarian, preindustrial states

Question 10

Foraging economies are usually associated with which type of sociopolitical organization?

Accepted Answer

A)  band 
B)  tribal 
C)  state 
D)  chiefdom 
E)  primate 
A)  band 
B)  tribal 
C)  state 
D)  chiefdom 
E)  primate

Question 11

Status in chiefdoms and states is based primarily upon differential access to resources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT typical of state-level societies?

Accepted Answer

A)  a purely foraging-based subsistence strategy 
B)  class stratification 
C)  boundary maintenance systems 
D)  intensive, managed agriculture 
E)  a specialized decision-making system 
A)  a purely foraging-based subsistence strategy 
B)  class stratification 
C)  boundary maintenance systems 
D)  intensive, managed agriculture 
E)  a specialized decision-making system

Question 13

How does one distinguish between a chiefdom and a state? Is this a useful distinction? Is it always easy to make such a distinction?

Accepted Answer

A chiefdom and a state can be distinguis

Question 14

What is hegemony?

Accepted Answer

A)  overt sociopolitical strategies used to control people 
B)  social controls that induce guilt and shame in the population 
C)  the critique of power by the oppressed that goes on offstage, in private, where the power holders can't see it 
D)  a stratified social order in which subordinates comply with domination by internalizing their rulers' values and accepting the "naturalness" of domination 
E)  open, public interactions between dominators and the oppressed-the outer shell of power relations 
A)  overt sociopolitical strategies used to control people 
B)  social controls that induce guilt and shame in the population 
C)  the critique of power by the oppressed that goes on offstage, in private, where the power holders can't see it 
D)  a stratified social order in which subordinates comply with domination by internalizing their rulers' values and accepting the "naturalness" of domination 
E)  open, public interactions between dominators and the oppressed-the outer shell of power relations

Question 15

Anthropologists claim that in nonstate societies the political structure is embedded in relationships based on kinship, descent, and marriage. What does this mean? Use two ethnographic cases to illustrate this claim.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologists claim that in nonstate s

Question 16

A big man's position depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  hard work. 
B)  inherited inequality. 
C)  generosity. 
D)  personal charisma. 
E)  creation of wealth superior to that of others. 
A)  hard work. 
B)  inherited inequality. 
C)  generosity. 
D)  personal charisma. 
E)  creation of wealth superior to that of others.

Question 17

According to Max Weber, prestige is the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  economic status. 
B)  political status. 
C)  social status. 
D)  power. 
E)  political capital. 
A)  economic status. 
B)  political status. 
C)  social status. 
D)  power. 
E)  political capital.

Question 18

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" section discusses the role of new forms of media in political manipulation. Give some examples of how new media has been used by governments for political reasons, and how new media has been used by the public to encourage political dissent.

Accepted Answer

Governments have used new forms of media

Question 19

This chapter describes various ways in which dominant members of society exert control over a population by resorting to indirect or even covert means. What are some examples of this? What concepts have some come up with to understand the social dynamics that arise from these situations? Can you think of some contemporary examples of the use of these means of control?

Accepted Answer

Some examples of indirect or covert mean

Question 20

What are the differences between shame and guilt? Why is it important for anthropologists interested in understanding sociopolitical organization to pay attention to people's concerns with shame or guilt in the communities they study?

Accepted Answer

Shame and guilt are both complex emotion

Exam 17: Political Systems

Which of the following was NOT used by the traditional Inuit to handle disputes?

Kottak prefers the term sociopolitical organization to Morton Fried's term political organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives, because

With the rise of states, kinship's role in society continued to grow and dominate daily activities.

What are the major results and implications of food production? How does reliance on food production affect the social, economic, and political organization of societies that practice it?

The Inuit song battle is

Which of the following statements about nonstate societies is true?

Tribal societies, which are typically organized by village life or membership in descent groups, tend to be egalitarian. However, egalitarianism diminishes

How does Morton Fried define political organization? Why does Kottak prefer to use the term sociopolitical organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives?

In which of the following forms of political organization is it most likely that the most important leaders will acquire their positions based upon personal background or ability, rather than heredity?

Foraging economies are usually associated with which type of sociopolitical organization?

Status in chiefdoms and states is based primarily upon differential access to resources.

Which of the following is NOT typical of state-level societies?

How does one distinguish between a chiefdom and a state? Is this a useful distinction? Is it always easy to make such a distinction?

What is hegemony?

Anthropologists claim that in nonstate societies the political structure is embedded in relationships based on kinship, descent, and marriage. What does this mean? Use two ethnographic cases to illustrate this claim.

A big man's position depends on all of the following EXCEPT

According to Max Weber, prestige is the basis of

This chapter's "Focus on Globalization" section discusses the role of new forms of media in political manipulation. Give some examples of how new media has been used by governments for political reasons, and how new media has been used by the public to encourage political dissent.

What are the differences between shame and guilt? Why is it important for anthropologists interested in understanding sociopolitical organization to pay attention to people's concerns with shame or guilt in the communities they study?

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

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