Question 1

How has this chapter challenged your understanding of the concept of human nature?

Accepted Answer

This chapter has challenged my understan

Question 2

Only people living in the industrialized, capitalist countries of Europe and the United States are ethnocentric.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Anthropology is characterized by a methodological rather than moral relativism; in order to understand another culture fully, anthropologists try to understand its members' beliefs and motivations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following statements about subcultures is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcultures exemplify "levels of culture." 
B)  Subcultures have different learning experiences. 
C)  Subcultures have shared learning experiences. 
D)  Subcultures may originate in ethnicity, class, region, or religion. 
E)  Subcultures are mutually exclusive; individuals may not participate in more than one subculture. 
A)  Subcultures exemplify "levels of culture." 
B)  Subcultures have different learning experiences. 
C)  Subcultures have shared learning experiences. 
D)  Subcultures may originate in ethnicity, class, region, or religion. 
E)  Subcultures are mutually exclusive; individuals may not participate in more than one subculture.

Question 5

Explain the distinctions among cultural universals, generalities, and particularities, and give examples of each.

Accepted Answer

Cultural universals refer to elements of

Question 6

Which of the following statements about enculturation is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs through a process of conscious and unconscious learning. 
B)  It results in internalization of a cultural tradition. 
C)  It may involve direct teaching. 
D)  It is the exchange of cultural features that results when two or more groups come into consistent firsthand contact. 
E)  It is the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations. 
A)  It occurs through a process of conscious and unconscious learning. 
B)  It results in internalization of a cultural tradition. 
C)  It may involve direct teaching. 
D)  It is the exchange of cultural features that results when two or more groups come into consistent firsthand contact. 
E)  It is the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations.

Question 7

Although culture is one of the principal means humans use to adapt to their environment, some cultural traits can be harmful to a group's survival.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Human rights are seen as inalienable. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  no one can abuse them. 
B)  nations cannot abridge or terminate them. 
C)  they are vested in groups and not individuals. 
D)  anthropologists have no moral grounds to question them. 
E)  they are universally accepted by all individuals. 
A)  no one can abuse them. 
B)  nations cannot abridge or terminate them. 
C)  they are vested in groups and not individuals. 
D)  anthropologists have no moral grounds to question them. 
E)  they are universally accepted by all individuals.

Question 9

Acculturation is the process by which people lose the culture that they learned as children.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Culture is transmitted by both formal and informal instruction, but not by observation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

People in the United States sometimes have trouble understanding the power of culture because of the value that American culture places on the idea of the individual. Yet in American culture

Accepted Answer

A)  individualism is a distinctive commercial value, a feature of capitalist culture shared only by the business elite. 
B)  the cult of individualism is truly shared only by the country's atheist minority. 
C)  individualism is a distinctive shared value, a feature of culture. 
D)  individualism is a distinctive shared value, a result of genetic enculturation. 
E)  individualism is only something people talk about but don't practice, because it is not really part of their culture. 
A)  individualism is a distinctive commercial value, a feature of capitalist culture shared only by the business elite. 
B)  the cult of individualism is truly shared only by the country's atheist minority. 
C)  individualism is a distinctive shared value, a feature of culture. 
D)  individualism is a distinctive shared value, a result of genetic enculturation. 
E)  individualism is only something people talk about but don't practice, because it is not really part of their culture.

Question 12

In anthropology, cultural relativism is not a moral position but a methodological one. It states that

Accepted Answer

A)  because cultural values vary between cultures, they cannot be analyzed and compared. 
B)  some cultures are relatively better than others. 
C)  in order to understand another culture fully, we must try to understand how the people in that culture see things. 
D)  to understand another culture, we must try to use tactics to jar people so that their true view of things is revealed. 
E)  to bring about desired cultural change, anthropologists should act as emissaries of the most evolved cultural values. 
A)  because cultural values vary between cultures, they cannot be analyzed and compared. 
B)  some cultures are relatively better than others. 
C)  in order to understand another culture fully, we must try to understand how the people in that culture see things. 
D)  to understand another culture, we must try to use tactics to jar people so that their true view of things is revealed. 
E)  to bring about desired cultural change, anthropologists should act as emissaries of the most evolved cultural values.

Question 13

Cultural particularities are unique to certain cultures, while cultural generalities are common to several (but not all) cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is a cultural generality?

Accepted Answer

A)  exogamy 
B)  the use of fire 
C)  the incest taboo 
D)  the use of symbols 
E)  the nuclear family 
A)  exogamy 
B)  the use of fire 
C)  the incest taboo 
D)  the use of symbols 
E)  the nuclear family

Question 15

What does it mean to say that humans use culture instrumentally?

Accepted Answer

A)  People use culture to fulfill their basic biological needs for food, drink, shelter, comfort, and reproduction. 
B)  People use culture to develop artistic endeavors, including musical instruments and visual arts. 
C)  People use culture to advance civilization. 
D)  Culture is a human construct. 
E)  Culture is instrumental in the creation of societies. 
A)  People use culture to fulfill their basic biological needs for food, drink, shelter, comfort, and reproduction. 
B)  People use culture to develop artistic endeavors, including musical instruments and visual arts. 
C)  People use culture to advance civilization. 
D)  Culture is a human construct. 
E)  Culture is instrumental in the creation of societies.

Question 16

Culture

Accepted Answer

A)  is the exclusive domain of the elite. 
B)  is acquired by humans as members of society through the process of enculturation. 
C)  is being destroyed by electronic media. 
D)  developed among nonhuman primates around 10,000 years ago. 
E)  is more developed in industrial nations than among hunters and gatherers. 
A)  is the exclusive domain of the elite. 
B)  is acquired by humans as members of society through the process of enculturation. 
C)  is being destroyed by electronic media. 
D)  developed among nonhuman primates around 10,000 years ago. 
E)  is more developed in industrial nations than among hunters and gatherers.

Question 17

Culture helps us define the world in which we live, to express feelings and ideas, and to guide our behavior and perceptions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What does it mean to say that culture is all-encompassing?

Accepted Answer

To say that culture is all-encompassing

Question 19

What process is most responsible for the existence of international culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethnocentrism 
B)  cultural relativism 
C)  dendritic acculturation 
D)  gene flow 
E)  cultural diffusion, whether direct, indirect, or by force 
A)  ethnocentrism 
B)  cultural relativism 
C)  dendritic acculturation 
D)  gene flow 
E)  cultural diffusion, whether direct, indirect, or by force

Question 20

While cultural abilities have a biological basis, they do not have an evolutionary basis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Culture

How has this chapter challenged your understanding of the concept of human nature?

Only people living in the industrialized, capitalist countries of Europe and the United States are ethnocentric.

Anthropology is characterized by a methodological rather than moral relativism; in order to understand another culture fully, anthropologists try to understand its members' beliefs and motivations.

Which of the following statements about subcultures is NOT true?

Explain the distinctions among cultural universals, generalities, and particularities, and give examples of each.

Which of the following statements about enculturation is NOT true?

Although culture is one of the principal means humans use to adapt to their environment, some cultural traits can be harmful to a group's survival.

Human rights are seen as inalienable. This means that

Acculturation is the process by which people lose the culture that they learned as children.

Culture is transmitted by both formal and informal instruction, but not by observation.

People in the United States sometimes have trouble understanding the power of culture because of the value that American culture places on the idea of the individual. Yet in American culture

In anthropology, cultural relativism is not a moral position but a methodological one. It states that

Cultural particularities are unique to certain cultures, while cultural generalities are common to several (but not all) cultures.

Which of the following is a cultural generality?

What does it mean to say that humans use culture instrumentally?

Culture

Culture helps us define the world in which we live, to express feelings and ideas, and to guide our behavior and perceptions.

What does it mean to say that culture is all-encompassing?

What process is most responsible for the existence of international culture?

While cultural abilities have a biological basis, they do not have an evolutionary basis.

What Is Anthropology

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters