Question 1

Which of the following statements about orangutans is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The large size of the orangutan protects it from extinction. 
B)  Orangutans are the most sociable primates. 
C)  As is typical of arboreal species, the orangutan exhibits little sexual dimorphism. 
D)  Orangutans are less arboreal than gorillas. 
E)  Orangutans used to live over much of Asia but now are found only on two islands in Indonesia. 
A)  The large size of the orangutan protects it from extinction. 
B)  Orangutans are the most sociable primates. 
C)  As is typical of arboreal species, the orangutan exhibits little sexual dimorphism. 
D)  Orangutans are less arboreal than gorillas. 
E)  Orangutans used to live over much of Asia but now are found only on two islands in Indonesia.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a hominoid?

Accepted Answer

A)  gibbon 
B)  lemur 
C)  Homo sapiens 
D)  orangutan 
E)  siamang 
A)  gibbon 
B)  lemur 
C)  Homo sapiens 
D)  orangutan 
E)  siamang

Question 3

Humans and apes belong to the same taxonomic superfamily, Hominoidea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A tiny euprimate skull found recently in China confirms that

Accepted Answer

A)  our earliest ancestors were nocturnal, like Asian tarsiers. 
B)  euprimates were the first primates to live in the Paleozoic. 
C)  primates were already geographically widespread by 55 m.y.a., and their common ancestor must have evolved earlier than previously believed. 
D)  larger euprimates lived only in Europe. 
E)  the specimens previously thought to be euprimates from Europe and North Africa were actually mislabeled. 
A)  our earliest ancestors were nocturnal, like Asian tarsiers. 
B)  euprimates were the first primates to live in the Paleozoic. 
C)  primates were already geographically widespread by 55 m.y.a., and their common ancestor must have evolved earlier than previously believed. 
D)  larger euprimates lived only in Europe. 
E)  the specimens previously thought to be euprimates from Europe and North Africa were actually mislabeled.

Question 5

Sexual dimorphism tends to be more pronounced in terrestrial primate species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a threat to endangered primates?

Accepted Answer

A)  interspecies conflict 
B)  deforestation 
C)  capture for laboratory testing 
D)  capture for pets 
E)  poachers 
A)  interspecies conflict 
B)  deforestation 
C)  capture for laboratory testing 
D)  capture for pets 
E)  poachers

Question 7

Primatology is relevant only to applied anthropologists concerned about deforestation and poaching.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In terms of numbers and range, what is the most successful living hominoid species?

Accepted Answer

A)  gorilla 
B)  Homo sapiens 
C)  baboon 
D)  gibbon 
E)  chimpanzee 
A)  gorilla 
B)  Homo sapiens 
C)  baboon 
D)  gibbon 
E)  chimpanzee

Question 9

All primates share a common arboreal heritage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT one of the trends that distinguished anthropoids from other primates?

Accepted Answer

A)  a shift from reliance on smell to reliance on sight 
B)  improved stereoscopic and color vision 
C)  increased reliance on smell 
D)  a tendency toward being active during the day 
E)  none of these; all were part of the anthropoid revolution 
A)  a shift from reliance on smell to reliance on sight 
B)  improved stereoscopic and color vision 
C)  increased reliance on smell 
D)  a tendency toward being active during the day 
E)  none of these; all were part of the anthropoid revolution

Question 11

Review this chapter and answer the following questions: What are the parts of the skeleton that seem to be more commonly found as fossils? What are the anatomical clues that these fossils provide to help scientists address questions about hominin origins?

Accepted Answer

The parts of the skeleton that seem to b

Question 12

Common ancestry isn't the only reason for similarities between species. Similar traits can also arise if species experience similar selective forces and adapt to them in similar ways. This process is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow. 
B)  genetic evolution. 
C)  molecular convergence. 
D)  homology. 
E)  convergent evolution. 
A)  gene flow. 
B)  genetic evolution. 
C)  molecular convergence. 
D)  homology. 
E)  convergent evolution.

Question 13

Chimpanzees' social networks involve complex systems of dominance relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

How is individual fitness measured?

Accepted Answer

A)  With techniques developed for anthropometry. 
B)  By the number of direct descendants an individual has. 
C)  By maximum lung capacity. 
D)  By the amount of genetic diversity in a breeding population. 
E)  By the gene an individual shares with relatives. 
A)  With techniques developed for anthropometry. 
B)  By the number of direct descendants an individual has. 
C)  By maximum lung capacity. 
D)  By the amount of genetic diversity in a breeding population. 
E)  By the gene an individual shares with relatives.

Question 15

Which of the following are most closely related to chimpanzees?

Accepted Answer

A)  humans 
B)  gibbons 
C)  lemurs 
D)  siamangs 
E)  orangutans 
A)  humans 
B)  gibbons 
C)  lemurs 
D)  siamangs 
E)  orangutans

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an adaptive trend in anthropoids?

Accepted Answer

A)  stereoscopic vision 
B)  enhanced sense of touch 
C)  grasping hands and feet 
D)  decreased sociality 
E)  increased brain complexity 
A)  stereoscopic vision 
B)  enhanced sense of touch 
C)  grasping hands and feet 
D)  decreased sociality 
E)  increased brain complexity

Question 17

What is a taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

A)  an adaptive trait due to convergent evolution 
B)  a classification scheme where organisms are assigned to categories 
C)  a trait inherited from a common ancestor 
D)  a set of selective forces enacted on one lineage 
E)  a way to define an organism's repertoire of social behaviors 
A)  an adaptive trait due to convergent evolution 
B)  a classification scheme where organisms are assigned to categories 
C)  a trait inherited from a common ancestor 
D)  a set of selective forces enacted on one lineage 
E)  a way to define an organism's repertoire of social behaviors

Question 18

Primatology helps anthropologists make inferences about the early social organization of hominids and untangle issues of human nature and the origins of culture. Of particular relevance to these types of questions are two kinds of primates:

Accepted Answer

A)  those with whom we share the least number of homologies, and those with whom we share the most analogies. 
B)  those that are in the tribe hominini, and those in the family hominidae. 
C)  those whose ecological adaptations are similar to our own (terrestrial monkeys and apes), and those most closely related to us, the great apes (chimpanzees and gorillas). 
D)  catarrhines and platyrrhines. 
E)  Gigantopithecus and Pierolapithecus. 
A)  those with whom we share the least number of homologies, and those with whom we share the most analogies. 
B)  those that are in the tribe hominini, and those in the family hominidae. 
C)  those whose ecological adaptations are similar to our own (terrestrial monkeys and apes), and those most closely related to us, the great apes (chimpanzees and gorillas). 
D)  catarrhines and platyrrhines. 
E)  Gigantopithecus and Pierolapithecus.

Question 19

Behavioral ecology studies the evolutionary basis of social behavior. What is one of the discipline's main assumptions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenotype is the overwhelming result of genotype. 
B)  The genetic features of any species reflect a long history of differential reproductive success (that is, natural selection). 
C)  Natural selection best translates to "survival of the fittest." 
D)  There is no distinction between individual and inclusive fitness. 
E)  Individual fitness among hominins is measured differently than in other nonhuman primate species. 
A)  Phenotype is the overwhelming result of genotype. 
B)  The genetic features of any species reflect a long history of differential reproductive success (that is, natural selection). 
C)  Natural selection best translates to "survival of the fittest." 
D)  There is no distinction between individual and inclusive fitness. 
E)  Individual fitness among hominins is measured differently than in other nonhuman primate species.

Question 20

Describe the features that Old World monkeys, apes, and humans have in common that confirm they share more recent common ancestry with each other than they do with New World monkeys and prosimians.

Accepted Answer

Old World monkeys, apes, and humans shar

Exam 7: The Primates

Which of the following statements about orangutans is true?

Which of the following is NOT a hominoid?

Humans and apes belong to the same taxonomic superfamily, Hominoidea.

A tiny euprimate skull found recently in China confirms that

Sexual dimorphism tends to be more pronounced in terrestrial primate species.

Which of the following is NOT a threat to endangered primates?

Primatology is relevant only to applied anthropologists concerned about deforestation and poaching.

In terms of numbers and range, what is the most successful living hominoid species?

All primates share a common arboreal heritage.

Which of the following was NOT one of the trends that distinguished anthropoids from other primates?

Review this chapter and answer the following questions: What are the parts of the skeleton that seem to be more commonly found as fossils? What are the anatomical clues that these fossils provide to help scientists address questions about hominin origins?

Common ancestry isn't the only reason for similarities between species. Similar traits can also arise if species experience similar selective forces and adapt to them in similar ways. This process is known as

Chimpanzees' social networks involve complex systems of dominance relationships.

How is individual fitness measured?

Which of the following are most closely related to chimpanzees?

Which of the following is NOT an adaptive trend in anthropoids?

What is a taxonomy?

Primatology helps anthropologists make inferences about the early social organization of hominids and untangle issues of human nature and the origins of culture. Of particular relevance to these types of questions are two kinds of primates:

Behavioral ecology studies the evolutionary basis of social behavior. What is one of the discipline's main assumptions?

Describe the features that Old World monkeys, apes, and humans have in common that confirm they share more recent common ancestry with each other than they do with New World monkeys and prosimians.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Farmers

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

Filters