Question 1

Which of the following is NOT associated with H. erectus?

Accepted Answer

A)  cave painting 
B)  a massive ridge over the eyebrows 
C)  more sophisticated toolmaking 
D)  the use of fire 
E)  the development of Acheulean tools 
A)  cave painting 
B)  a massive ridge over the eyebrows 
C)  more sophisticated toolmaking 
D)  the use of fire 
E)  the development of Acheulean tools

Question 2

Which of the following cold-weather adaptations predates the appearance of Neandertals?

Accepted Answer

A)  a stocky anatomy 
B)  the use of fire 
C)  wearing clothes probably made from animal skins 
D)  massive nasal cavities and brow ridges 
E)  a facial projection 
A)  a stocky anatomy 
B)  the use of fire 
C)  wearing clothes probably made from animal skins 
D)  massive nasal cavities and brow ridges 
E)  a facial projection

Question 3

Excavations between Bed I and Bed II at Olduvai suggest that significant changes in technology occurred during a comparatively short 200,000-year period. The tools found illustrate a shift toward functional differentiation, which means that

Accepted Answer

A)  the tools were being made and used for different jobs, such as smashing bones or digging for tubers. 
B)  the same tools were being used more creatively for a variety of uses. 
C)  there was a broadening of the range of staples in diet, despite the fact that the tools remained unchanged. 
D)  males used heavier tools, females lighter ones. 
E)  some tools were used for utilitarian purposes, whereas others served for ritualistic purposes. 
A)  the tools were being made and used for different jobs, such as smashing bones or digging for tubers. 
B)  the same tools were being used more creatively for a variety of uses. 
C)  there was a broadening of the range of staples in diet, despite the fact that the tools remained unchanged. 
D)  males used heavier tools, females lighter ones. 
E)  some tools were used for utilitarian purposes, whereas others served for ritualistic purposes.

Question 4

The recent Dmanisi fossil finds suggest a rapid spread, by 1.77 m.y.a., of early Homo out of Africa into Eurasia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Discuss the major anatomical differences between the australopithecines and H. erectus. What are the major anatomical differences between H. erectus and modern human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The major anatomical differences between

Question 6

Which of the following traits does NOT characterize a Neandertal skull?

Accepted Answer

A)  a broad face 
B)  a large brow ridge 
C)  huge front teeth 
D)  huge molars 
E)  an average cranial capacity larger than that of modern humans 
A)  a broad face 
B)  a large brow ridge 
C)  huge front teeth 
D)  huge molars 
E)  an average cranial capacity larger than that of modern humans

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes a key difference between Oldowan and Acheulean tools?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oldowan tools show an increase in size and a focus in being used for hunting. 
B)  Acheulean tools, such as the hand ax, represent a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker, suggesting a cognitive leap between earlier hominins and H. erectus. 
C)  Oldowan tools are based on the production of blades, associated with an increasing range of ways hominins exploited their biological and cultural environments. 
D)  Acheulean tools show representations of the human form on nonfunctional surfaces. 
E)  Acheulean tools constitute a move away from wood toward more plastic media like clay. 
A)  Oldowan tools show an increase in size and a focus in being used for hunting. 
B)  Acheulean tools, such as the hand ax, represent a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker, suggesting a cognitive leap between earlier hominins and H. erectus. 
C)  Oldowan tools are based on the production of blades, associated with an increasing range of ways hominins exploited their biological and cultural environments. 
D)  Acheulean tools show representations of the human form on nonfunctional surfaces. 
E)  Acheulean tools constitute a move away from wood toward more plastic media like clay.

Question 8

What archaic H. sapiens group has a pronounced brow ridge, stocky build, and massive nasal cavities, characteristics that were adaptations to cold weather?

Accepted Answer

A)  H. habilis 
B)  H. rudolfensis 
C)  H. erectus 
D)  Neandertals 
E)  anatomically modern humans 
A)  H. habilis 
B)  H. rudolfensis 
C)  H. erectus 
D)  Neandertals 
E)  anatomically modern humans

Question 9

Worldwide, what were the Middle and Upper Pleistocene characterized by?

Accepted Answer

A)  expansion in the number of hominin species 
B)  massive extinctions of hominin populations 
C)  widespread tropical rain forests 
D)  successive glacial advances and retreats 
E)  a climate much warmer than at present 
A)  expansion in the number of hominin species 
B)  massive extinctions of hominin populations 
C)  widespread tropical rain forests 
D)  successive glacial advances and retreats 
E)  a climate much warmer than at present

Question 10

Spain's Atapuerca mountains hold one of the richest hominin fossil sites in the world. All of the following have been found in Atapuerca EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  a 1.2 million-year-old jawbone fragment from a species known as Homo antecessor, the oldest hominid fossil ever found in western Europe. 
B)  a mass grave. 
C)  the 780,000-year-old remains of H. antecessor, the possible common ancestor of the Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. 
D)  a rich system of caves that may explain why the area was so inviting for continuous human occupation. 
E)  the first definitive evidence of human control of fire by 500,000 B.P. 
A)  a 1.2 million-year-old jawbone fragment from a species known as Homo antecessor, the oldest hominid fossil ever found in western Europe. 
B)  a mass grave. 
C)  the 780,000-year-old remains of H. antecessor, the possible common ancestor of the Neandertals and anatomically modern humans. 
D)  a rich system of caves that may explain why the area was so inviting for continuous human occupation. 
E)  the first definitive evidence of human control of fire by 500,000 B.P.

Question 11

Compared to anatomically modern humans, Neandertals exhibit a greater degree of sexual dimorphism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The recent discovery of H. floresiensis has captivated scientists and the general public alike. Why? What is so surprising about this find? Based on what you have learned so far about human evolution, what seems to you the more plausible explanation for H. floresiensis?

Accepted Answer

The recent discovery of H. floresiensis

Question 13

Although the Neandertals are remembered more for their physiques than for their manufacturing abilities, their tool kits were sophisticated. In fact, the Mousterian technology, which Neandertals are associated with,

Accepted Answer

A)  included at least 14 categories of tools designed for different jobs. 
B)  was characterized by a revolutionary use of metals in combination with wood and stone. 
C)  provides the first definitive evidence of tool construction based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker. 
D)  illustrates how blades became progressively more important in human evolution, particularly in Middle and Upper Paleolithic toolmaking. 
E)  included a very complex technique involving chipping the core bilaterally and symmetrically, something never before seen in hominin toolmaking. 
A)  included at least 14 categories of tools designed for different jobs. 
B)  was characterized by a revolutionary use of metals in combination with wood and stone. 
C)  provides the first definitive evidence of tool construction based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker. 
D)  illustrates how blades became progressively more important in human evolution, particularly in Middle and Upper Paleolithic toolmaking. 
E)  included a very complex technique involving chipping the core bilaterally and symmetrically, something never before seen in hominin toolmaking.

Question 14

The recent hominin fossil finds from Ileret, Kenya, negate the conventional view held since 1960 that H. habilis and H. erectus evolved one after the other. Instead, they lived side by side in eastern Africa for perhaps half a million years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The Acheulean hand ax, shaped like a teardrop, represents a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker. Evidence for such a mental template in the archaeological record suggests a cognitive lead between earlier hominins and H. erectus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

At the site of Terra Amata, in southern France, archaeologists have documented human activity dating back some 300,000 years. What do findings there indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neandertals were not fully human. 
B)  Homo habilis had language. 
C)  Early hominids cultivated plants. 
D)  The site's inhabitants led an essentially human lifestyle. 
E)  Cro-Magnons and Homo erectus engaged in warfare. 
A)  Neandertals were not fully human. 
B)  Homo habilis had language. 
C)  Early hominids cultivated plants. 
D)  The site's inhabitants led an essentially human lifestyle. 
E)  Cro-Magnons and Homo erectus engaged in warfare.

Question 17

What is the name of the stone-tool tradition associated with Neandertals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oldowan 
B)  Acheulean 
C)  Mousterian 
D)  blades 
E)  microliths 
A)  Oldowan 
B)  Acheulean 
C)  Mousterian 
D)  blades 
E)  microliths

Question 18

What is the name of the time period that evolved out of the Oldowan, or pebble tool, tradition and lasted until about 15,000 years ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oldowan 
B)  Acheulean 
C)  Chalcolithic 
D)  Paleolithic 
E)  Neolithic 
A)  Oldowan 
B)  Acheulean 
C)  Chalcolithic 
D)  Paleolithic 
E)  Neolithic

Question 19

Biological and cultural changes enabled H. erectus to exploit a new adaptive strategy-gathering and hunting. This in turn was crucial for H. erectus to

Accepted Answer

A)  diminish the mortality rate due to violent encounters with large animals and other hominins. 
B)  overcome its greatest challenge: an imperfect bipedal gait. 
C)  beat out H. habilis in competition for key ecological niches. 
D)  push the hominin range beyond Africa, into Asia and Europe. 
E)  bring about the onset of complex language. 
A)  diminish the mortality rate due to violent encounters with large animals and other hominins. 
B)  overcome its greatest challenge: an imperfect bipedal gait. 
C)  beat out H. habilis in competition for key ecological niches. 
D)  push the hominin range beyond Africa, into Asia and Europe. 
E)  bring about the onset of complex language.

Question 20

Which of the following is a difference between Homo erectus and the australopithecines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homo erectus exhibited full bipedalism. 
B)  The australopithecines' teeth suggest that they ate a lot more meat. 
C)  Homo erectus's cranial capacity was much larger. 
D)  Homo erectus had the largest sagittal crest of any hominin. 
E)  Homo erectus's mortuary practices are less elaborate. 
A)  Homo erectus exhibited full bipedalism. 
B)  The australopithecines' teeth suggest that they ate a lot more meat. 
C)  Homo erectus's cranial capacity was much larger. 
D)  Homo erectus had the largest sagittal crest of any hominin. 
E)  Homo erectus's mortuary practices are less elaborate.

Exam 9: Archaic Homo

Which of the following is NOT associated with H. erectus?

Which of the following cold-weather adaptations predates the appearance of Neandertals?

Excavations between Bed I and Bed II at Olduvai suggest that significant changes in technology occurred during a comparatively short 200,000-year period. The tools found illustrate a shift toward functional differentiation, which means that

The recent Dmanisi fossil finds suggest a rapid spread, by 1.77 m.y.a., of early Homo out of Africa into Eurasia.

Discuss the major anatomical differences between the australopithecines and H. erectus. What are the major anatomical differences between H. erectus and modern human anatomy?

Which of the following traits does NOT characterize a Neandertal skull?

Which of the following statements describes a key difference between Oldowan and Acheulean tools?

What archaic H. sapiens group has a pronounced brow ridge, stocky build, and massive nasal cavities, characteristics that were adaptations to cold weather?

Worldwide, what were the Middle and Upper Pleistocene characterized by?

Spain's Atapuerca mountains hold one of the richest hominin fossil sites in the world. All of the following have been found in Atapuerca EXCEPT

Compared to anatomically modern humans, Neandertals exhibit a greater degree of sexual dimorphism.

The recent discovery of H. floresiensis has captivated scientists and the general public alike. Why? What is so surprising about this find? Based on what you have learned so far about human evolution, what seems to you the more plausible explanation for H. floresiensis?

Although the Neandertals are remembered more for their physiques than for their manufacturing abilities, their tool kits were sophisticated. In fact, the Mousterian technology, which Neandertals are associated with,

The recent hominin fossil finds from Ileret, Kenya, negate the conventional view held since 1960 that H. habilis and H. erectus evolved one after the other. Instead, they lived side by side in eastern Africa for perhaps half a million years.

The Acheulean hand ax, shaped like a teardrop, represents a predetermined shape based on a template in the mind of the toolmaker. Evidence for such a mental template in the archaeological record suggests a cognitive lead between earlier hominins and H. erectus.

At the site of Terra Amata, in southern France, archaeologists have documented human activity dating back some 300,000 years. What do findings there indicate?

What is the name of the stone-tool tradition associated with Neandertals?

What is the name of the time period that evolved out of the Oldowan, or pebble tool, tradition and lasted until about 15,000 years ago?

Biological and cultural changes enabled H. erectus to exploit a new adaptive strategy-gathering and hunting. This in turn was crucial for H. erectus to

Which of the following is a difference between Homo erectus and the australopithecines?

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