Question 1

DNA can be amplified by:

Accepted Answer

A)  in vitro amplification. 
B)  cloning. 
C)  synthesis of proteins. 
D)  both a and b 
A)  in vitro amplification. 
B)  cloning. 
C)  synthesis of proteins. 
D)  both a and b D

Question 2

MATCHING
Match the technique with an appropriate description (use each answer only once).

-Transcription-mediated amplification

Accepted Answer

A) This amplifies target nucleic acid without the use of a thermocycler.A double-stranded DNA fragment is created and becomes the target for exponential amplification. 
B) An isothermal assay that targets either DNA or RNA but generates RNA as its amplified product. 
C) Oligonucleotide pairs hybridize to target sequences within the gene or the cryptic plasmid. 
D) Only RNA is targeted for amplification. 
A) This amplifies target nucleic acid without the use of a thermocycler.A double-stranded DNA fragment is created and becomes the target for exponential amplification. 
B) An isothermal assay that targets either DNA or RNA but generates RNA as its amplified product. 
C) Oligonucleotide pairs hybridize to target sequences within the gene or the cryptic plasmid. 
D) Only RNA is targeted for amplification. B

Question 3

Arrange the following steps in the enzymatic process of the PCR cycle in the correct chronologic order:
1)Primer annealing
2)DNA denaturation
3)Extension of the primed DNA sequence

Accepted Answer

A)  1,2,3 
B)  2,1,3 
C)  2,3,1 
D)  3,2,1 
A)  1,2,3 
B)  2,1,3 
C)  2,3,1 
D)  3,2,1 B

Question 4

The gold standard of molecular testing is:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA sequencing. 
B)  FISH. 
C)  reverse transcriptase. 
D)  nephelometry. 
A)  DNA sequencing. 
B)  FISH. 
C)  reverse transcriptase. 
D)  nephelometry.

Question 5

The name of the product of PCR is an:

Accepted Answer

A)  amp. 
B)  amplicon. 
C)  anneal. 
D)  extension. 
A)  amp. 
B)  amplicon. 
C)  anneal. 
D)  extension.

Question 6

The advantages of molecular testing include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  faster turnaround time. 
B)  decreased sensitivity. 
C)  smaller specimen volume required. 
D)  increased specificity. 
A)  faster turnaround time. 
B)  decreased sensitivity. 
C)  smaller specimen volume required. 
D)  increased specificity.

Question 7

Multiplex PCR is limited by the number of primers that can be included in a single reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)applications include identification of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Treponema pallidum (spirochete bacteria). 
B)  HIV. 
C)  HCV. 
D)  both b and c 
A)  Treponema pallidum (spirochete bacteria). 
B)  HIV. 
C)  HCV. 
D)  both b and c

Question 9

The clinical application of the analysis of amplification products includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic testing. 
B)  hematopathology diagnosis and monitoring. 
C)  identification of infectious agents. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  genetic testing. 
B)  hematopathology diagnosis and monitoring. 
C)  identification of infectious agents. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 10

MATCHING
Match the technique with an appropriate description (use each answer only once).

-Strand displacement amplification

Accepted Answer

A) This amplifies target nucleic acid without the use of a thermocycler.A double-stranded DNA fragment is created and becomes the target for exponential amplification. 
B) An isothermal assay that targets either DNA or RNA but generates RNA as its amplified product. 
C) Oligonucleotide pairs hybridize to target sequences within the gene or the cryptic plasmid. 
D) Only RNA is targeted for amplification. 
A) This amplifies target nucleic acid without the use of a thermocycler.A double-stranded DNA fragment is created and becomes the target for exponential amplification. 
B) An isothermal assay that targets either DNA or RNA but generates RNA as its amplified product. 
C) Oligonucleotide pairs hybridize to target sequences within the gene or the cryptic plasmid. 
D) Only RNA is targeted for amplification.

Question 11

Match the molecular technique with the appropriate microorganism identification.
-Transcription-mediated amplification (TMA)

Accepted Answer

A) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
A) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 12

Match the molecular technique with the appropriate microorganism identification.
-Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)

Accepted Answer

A) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
A) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 13

Match the hybridization technique with the correct description.

-Reverse dot blot

Accepted Answer

A) Hybridization occurs only if the patient's DNA contains base sequences that are 100% complementary to those of the probe. 
B) Both the target nucleic acid and labeled probe interact in solution. 
C) This detects single-base mutations using allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASOs). 
A) Hybridization occurs only if the patient's DNA contains base sequences that are 100% complementary to those of the probe. 
B) Both the target nucleic acid and labeled probe interact in solution. 
C) This detects single-base mutations using allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASOs).

Question 14

The difference between transcription-mediated amplification (TMA)and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  only RNA is targeted for amplification in NASBA. 
B)  NASBA is not useful for HIV. 
C)  only DNA is tangled for amplification in NASBA. 
D)  NASBA is the method of choice for the detection of microorganisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
A)  only RNA is targeted for amplification in NASBA. 
B)  NASBA is not useful for HIV. 
C)  only DNA is tangled for amplification in NASBA. 
D)  NASBA is the method of choice for the detection of microorganisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 15

Match the blotting protocol with the clinical application.

-Southern blot

Accepted Answer

A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) Use of labeled antibodies specific for the protein of interest 
A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) Use of labeled antibodies specific for the protein of interest

Question 16

The final number of molecules produced in 30 cycles of the PCR process is:

Accepted Answer

A)  22 
B)  210 
C)  220 
D)  230 
A)  22 
B)  210 
C)  220 
D)  230

Question 17

Multiplex PCR is limited by primer-primer interference.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Match the blotting protocol with the clinical application.

-Western blot

Accepted Answer

A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) Use of labeled antibodies specific for the protein of interest 
A) RNA 
B) DNA 
C) Use of labeled antibodies specific for the protein of interest

Question 19

Amplification of nucleic acid fragments from a different target is performed with:

Accepted Answer

A)  PCR. 
B)  reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). 
C)  multiplex PCR. 
D)  real-time PCR. 
A)  PCR. 
B)  reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR). 
C)  multiplex PCR. 
D)  real-time PCR.

Question 20

Real-time PCR:

Accepted Answer

A)  is less susceptible to amplicon contamination. 
B)  is less accurate in quantifying the initial copy number. 
C)  does not require a thermocycler. 
D)  quantifies specific RNA sequences. 
A)  is less susceptible to amplicon contamination. 
B)  is less accurate in quantifying the initial copy number. 
C)  does not require a thermocycler. 
D)  quantifies specific RNA sequences.

Exam 14: Molecular Techniques

DNA can be amplified by:

MATCHING Match the technique with an appropriate description (use each answer only once). -Transcription-mediated amplification

Arrange the following steps in the enzymatic process of the PCR cycle in the correct chronologic order: 1)Primer annealing 2)DNA denaturation 3)Extension of the primed DNA sequence

The gold standard of molecular testing is:

The name of the product of PCR is an:

The advantages of molecular testing include all the following except:

Multiplex PCR is limited by the number of primers that can be included in a single reaction.

Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)applications include identification of:

The clinical application of the analysis of amplification products includes:

MATCHING Match the technique with an appropriate description (use each answer only once). -Strand displacement amplification

Match the molecular technique with the appropriate microorganism identification. -Transcription-mediated amplification (TMA)

Match the molecular technique with the appropriate microorganism identification. -Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)

Match the hybridization technique with the correct description. -Reverse dot blot

The difference between transcription-mediated amplification (TMA)and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)is that:

Match the blotting protocol with the clinical application. -Southern blot

The final number of molecules produced in 30 cycles of the PCR process is:

Multiplex PCR is limited by primer-primer interference.

Match the blotting protocol with the clinical application. -Western blot

Amplification of nucleic acid fragments from a different target is performed with:

Real-time PCR:

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Point-Of-Care Testing

Agglutination Methods

Electrophoresis Techniques

Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Automated Procedures

The Immune Response in Infectious Diseases

A Primer on Vaccines

Streptococcal Infections

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Hepatitis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Solid Organ Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Tumor Immunology

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