Question 1

A positive Western blot test (WB)for HIV infection is indicated by the presence of __________ bands.

Accepted Answer

A) p24 
B) gp60 and gp160 
C) p24 and p31 
D) p24 and gp41 
A) p24 
B) gp60 and gp160 
C) p24 and p31 
D) p24 and gp41 D

Question 2

The major structural protein (core)of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)type 1 (HIV-1)is composed of:

Accepted Answer

A)  gp41. 
B)  p24. 
C)  gp120. 
D)  both a and c 
A)  gp41. 
B)  p24. 
C)  gp120. 
D)  both a and c D

Question 3

Match the phases of drug testing with the appropriate description.
-Phase II

Accepted Answer

A) This phase lasts about 2 years.The number of volunteers is 100 to 300 persons with the disease to assess the effectiveness of a drug and to observe for adverse side reactions. 
B) This phase lasts about 1 year and includes 20 to 80 healthy volunteers who are tested for the safety of new drug. 
C) This phase lasts about 3 years.The number of patients with a specific disease is 1000 to 3000 to further verify effectiveness and identify any specific negative side effects of the drug. 
A) This phase lasts about 2 years.The number of volunteers is 100 to 300 persons with the disease to assess the effectiveness of a drug and to observe for adverse side reactions. 
B) This phase lasts about 1 year and includes 20 to 80 healthy volunteers who are tested for the safety of new drug. 
C) This phase lasts about 3 years.The number of patients with a specific disease is 1000 to 3000 to further verify effectiveness and identify any specific negative side effects of the drug. A

Question 4

After the early period of primary HIV infection (viremia),the patient enters a period of clinical latency that lasts a median of _______ years.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 
B) 10 
C) 15 
D) 20 
A) 5 
B) 10 
C) 15 
D) 20

Question 5

The structures gp41 and gp120 are viral:

Accepted Answer

A)  lipids. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  glycoproteins. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
A)  lipids. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  glycoproteins. 
D)  carbohydrates.

Question 6

Which procedure is considered to be a screening procedure for the detection of HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)  EIA 
B)  Western blot 
C)  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D)  Southern blot 
A)  EIA 
B)  Western blot 
C)  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D)  Southern blot

Question 7

HIV is held within leukocytes and carried in fluid (e.g. ,blood,semen)to the body of another person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The mode of viral transmission is not associated with the viral subtype.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which is the first detectable viral antibody in the blood of a patient with HIV infection?*

Accepted Answer

A)  p24 
B)  gp41 
C)  gp120 
D)  gp160 
A)  p24 
B)  gp41 
C)  gp120 
D)  gp160

Question 10

A protein included in the core of the HIV-1 virus is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  gp41. 
B)  p24. 
C)  p25. 
D)  either b or c 
A)  gp41. 
B)  p24. 
C)  p25. 
D)  either b or c

Question 11

The most frequent malignancy or opportunistic infection observed in AIDS patients is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumocystis jiroveci. 
B)  Kaposi's sarcoma. 
C)  toxoplasmosis. 
D)  non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 
A)  Pneumocystis jiroveci. 
B)  Kaposi's sarcoma. 
C)  toxoplasmosis. 
D)  non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Question 12

Which procedure is a popular confirmatory procedure for HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Line immunoassay 
B)  Western blot test 
C)  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D)  mRNA assay 
A)  Line immunoassay 
B)  Western blot test 
C)  Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D)  mRNA assay

Question 13

In some countries (e.g. ,sub-Saharan Africa,Thailand,India)(1)_________ of HIV-1 infections are acquired through heterosexual transmission in contrast to (2)_______ in the United States and Western Europe.

Accepted Answer

A) less than 10% 
B) 25% 
C) 50% 
D) more than 90% 
A) less than 10% 
B) 25% 
C) 50% 
D) more than 90%

Question 14

MATCHING
Match the characteristics to the three infectious patterns of HIV.

-Pattern 1: North and South America,Western Europe,Scandinavia,Australia,New Zealand.

Accepted Answer

A) Primarily a disease of heterosexuals 
B) Fewer known cases of HIV-AIDS 
C) Primarily a disease of homosexuals and intravenous (IV)drug abusers 
A) Primarily a disease of heterosexuals 
B) Fewer known cases of HIV-AIDS 
C) Primarily a disease of homosexuals and intravenous (IV)drug abusers

Question 15

Typically,patients in the early stages of HIV infection:

Accepted Answer

A)  are completely asymptomatic. 
B)  show mild,chronic lymphadenopathy. 
C)  are jaundiced. 
D)  either a or b 
A)  are completely asymptomatic. 
B)  show mild,chronic lymphadenopathy. 
C)  are jaundiced. 
D)  either a or b

Question 16

If an HIV-infected patient has an initial negative antibody assay for HIV but demonstrates a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)result 10 days later,what is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  A false-negative result was caused by a technical error. 
B)  The antibody titer was too low to be detected by the original antibody assay. 
C)  The patient was in the window phase of the infection. 
D)  Both b and c 
A)  A false-negative result was caused by a technical error. 
B)  The antibody titer was too low to be detected by the original antibody assay. 
C)  The patient was in the window phase of the infection. 
D)  Both b and c

Question 17

Immunologic activation of CD4+ cells latently infected with HIV induces the production of multiple viral particles,leading to cell death and the depletion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  CD4+ lymphocytes. 
B)  CD8+ lymphocytes. 
C)  B lymphocytes. 
D)  granulocytes. 
A)  CD4+ lymphocytes. 
B)  CD8+ lymphocytes. 
C)  B lymphocytes. 
D)  granulocytes.

Question 18

MATCHING
Match the characteristics to the three infectious patterns of HIV.

-Pattern 3: Eastern Europe,North Africa,Middle East,Asia,Pacific (excluding Australia and New Zealand).

Accepted Answer

A) Primarily a disease of heterosexuals 
B) Fewer known cases of HIV-AIDS 
C) Primarily a disease of homosexuals and intravenous (IV)drug abusers 
A) Primarily a disease of heterosexuals 
B) Fewer known cases of HIV-AIDS 
C) Primarily a disease of homosexuals and intravenous (IV)drug abusers

Question 19

The HIV infectious process begins when the protein on the viral envelope binds to the protein receptor _______ on the surface of a target cell.

Accepted Answer

A) CD8 
B) CD4 
C) p24 
D) p26 
A) CD8 
B) CD4 
C) p24 
D) p26

Question 20

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)attaches itself to receptor sites by means of:

Accepted Answer

A)  p24. 
B)  p31. 
C)  gp120. 
D)  gp160. 
A)  p24. 
B)  p31. 
C)  gp120. 
D)  gp160.

Exam 25: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

A positive Western blot test (WB)for HIV infection is indicated by the presence of __________ bands.

The major structural protein (core)of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)type 1 (HIV-1)is composed of:

Match the phases of drug testing with the appropriate description. -Phase II

After the early period of primary HIV infection (viremia),the patient enters a period of clinical latency that lasts a median of _______ years.

The structures gp41 and gp120 are viral:

Which procedure is considered to be a screening procedure for the detection of HIV?

HIV is held within leukocytes and carried in fluid (e.g. ,blood,semen)to the body of another person.

The mode of viral transmission is not associated with the viral subtype.

Which is the first detectable viral antibody in the blood of a patient with HIV infection?*

A protein included in the core of the HIV-1 virus is called:

The most frequent malignancy or opportunistic infection observed in AIDS patients is:

Which procedure is a popular confirmatory procedure for HIV infection?

In some countries (e.g. ,sub-Saharan Africa,Thailand,India)(1)_________ of HIV-1 infections are acquired through heterosexual transmission in contrast to (2)_______ in the United States and Western Europe.

MATCHING Match the characteristics to the three infectious patterns of HIV. -Pattern 1: North and South America,Western Europe,Scandinavia,Australia,New Zealand.

Typically,patients in the early stages of HIV infection:

If an HIV-infected patient has an initial negative antibody assay for HIV but demonstrates a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)result 10 days later,what is the most likely cause?

Immunologic activation of CD4+ cells latently infected with HIV induces the production of multiple viral particles,leading to cell death and the depletion of:

MATCHING Match the characteristics to the three infectious patterns of HIV. -Pattern 3: Eastern Europe,North Africa,Middle East,Asia,Pacific (excluding Australia and New Zealand).

The HIV infectious process begins when the protein on the viral envelope binds to the protein receptor _______ on the surface of a target cell.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)attaches itself to receptor sites by means of:

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Point-Of-Care Testing

Agglutination Methods

Electrophoresis Techniques

Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Automated Procedures

Molecular Techniques

The Immune Response in Infectious Diseases

A Primer on Vaccines

Streptococcal Infections

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Hepatitis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Solid Organ Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Tumor Immunology

Filters

In some countries (e.g. ,sub-Saharan Africa,Thailand,India)(1)___ of HIV-1 infections are acquired through heterosexual transmission in contrast to (2)_ in the United States and Western Europe.