Question 1

Match the cause of a false-negative agglutination reaction with the appropriate corrective measure. 
 
-Anti-human globulin (AHG)malfunction

Accepted Answer

A) Dilute patient's serum and retest. 
B) Wash cells according to directions;use positive and negative quality control (Q
C) steps. 
C) Repeat blood specimen should be collected a week or more later. 
D) Calibrate centrifuge to proper speed and time. 
A) Dilute patient's serum and retest. 
B) Wash cells according to directions;use positive and negative quality control (Q
C) steps. 
C) Repeat blood specimen should be collected a week or more later. 
D) Calibrate centrifuge to proper speed and time.

Question 2

The lattice hypothesis states that an optimal reaction occurs between antigen and antibody when:

Accepted Answer

A)  an excess of antigen is present. 
B)  an excess of antibody is present. 
C)  antigen and antibody are present in approximately equal proportions. 
D)  reaction takes place at room temperature. 
A)  an excess of antigen is present. 
B)  an excess of antibody is present. 
C)  antigen and antibody are present in approximately equal proportions. 
D)  reaction takes place at room temperature.

Question 3

The strength of an agglutination reaction can be enhanced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  centrifugation. 
B)  use of albumin. 
C)  use of low ionic strength saline. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  centrifugation. 
B)  use of albumin. 
C)  use of low ionic strength saline. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 4

Match the grade of the agglutination reaction with the appropriate description. 
 
-2+

Accepted Answer

A) Tiny aggregates 
B) No aggregates 
C) Medium-sized aggregates,some free red blood cells (RBCs) 
D) Clear supernatant 
A) Tiny aggregates 
B) No aggregates 
C) Medium-sized aggregates,some free red blood cells (RBCs) 
D) Clear supernatant

Question 5

Match the grade of the agglutination reaction with the appropriate description. 
 
-Negative

Accepted Answer

A) Tiny aggregates 
B) No aggregates 
C) Medium-sized aggregates,some free red blood cells (RBCs) 
D) Clear supernatant 
A) Tiny aggregates 
B) No aggregates 
C) Medium-sized aggregates,some free red blood cells (RBCs) 
D) Clear supernatant

Question 6

Anti-human globulin (AHG)is used to:

Accepted Answer

A)  substitute for a low titer of antibody. 
B)  alter the configuration of an antigen. 
C)  form cross-links between antibodies bound to the surface of erythrocytes. 
D)  form cross-links between antigens bound to the surface of erythrocytes. 
A)  substitute for a low titer of antibody. 
B)  alter the configuration of an antigen. 
C)  form cross-links between antibodies bound to the surface of erythrocytes. 
D)  form cross-links between antigens bound to the surface of erythrocytes.

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the following terms with the correct definition.

-Coagglutination

Accepted Answer

A) Uses antibodies bound to a particle to enhance the visibility of the reaction 
B) Based on the interaction of soluble antigen with antibody 
C) Detects antibodies with erythrocyte antigens 
A) Uses antibodies bound to a particle to enhance the visibility of the reaction 
B) Based on the interaction of soluble antigen with antibody 
C) Detects antibodies with erythrocyte antigens

Question 8

Match the type of immunoglobulin with the optimal thermal range.

-IgM

Accepted Answer

A) 4° to 22° C 
B) 18° to 22° C 
C) 37° C 
D) 56° C 
A) 4° to 22° C 
B) 18° to 22° C 
C) 37° C 
D) 56° C

Question 9

Match the cause of a false-positive agglutination reaction with the appropriate corrective measure. 
  
-Overcentrifugation of cells and serum

Accepted Answer

A) Use a control with saline and no antibody. 
B) Read reactions exactly as specified. 
C) Calibrate centrifuge to proper speed and time. 
D) Use positive and negative QC cells. 
A) Use a control with saline and no antibody. 
B) Read reactions exactly as specified. 
C) Calibrate centrifuge to proper speed and time. 
D) Use positive and negative QC cells.

Question 10

Match the cause of a false-negative agglutination reaction with the appropriate corrective measure. 
 
-Prozone phenomenon

Accepted Answer

A) Dilute patient's serum and retest. 
B) Wash cells according to directions;use positive and negative quality control (Q
C) steps. 
C) Repeat blood specimen should be collected a week or more later. 
D) Calibrate centrifuge to proper speed and time. 
A) Dilute patient's serum and retest. 
B) Wash cells according to directions;use positive and negative quality control (Q
C) steps. 
C) Repeat blood specimen should be collected a week or more later. 
D) Calibrate centrifuge to proper speed and time.

Exam 10: Agglutination Methods

Match the cause of a false-negative agglutination reaction with the appropriate corrective measure. -Anti-human globulin (AHG)malfunction

The lattice hypothesis states that an optimal reaction occurs between antigen and antibody when:

The strength of an agglutination reaction can be enhanced by:

Match the grade of the agglutination reaction with the appropriate description. -2+

Match the grade of the agglutination reaction with the appropriate description. -Negative

Anti-human globulin (AHG)is used to:

MATCHING Match the following terms with the correct definition. -Coagglutination

Match the type of immunoglobulin with the optimal thermal range. -IgM

Match the cause of a false-positive agglutination reaction with the appropriate corrective measure. -Overcentrifugation of cells and serum

Match the cause of a false-negative agglutination reaction with the appropriate corrective measure. -Prozone phenomenon

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Point-Of-Care Testing

Electrophoresis Techniques

Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Automated Procedures

Molecular Techniques

The Immune Response in Infectious Diseases

A Primer on Vaccines

Streptococcal Infections

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Hepatitis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Solid Organ Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Tumor Immunology

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