Question 1

Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in:

Accepted Answer

A) infancy. 
B) early childhood. 
C) early adulthood. 
D) the menopausal period. 
A) infancy. 
B) early childhood. 
C) early adulthood. 
D) the menopausal period.

Question 2

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk?

Accepted Answer

A) Smoking increases risk while drinking decreases it. 
B) Smoking and drinking both increase risk. 
C) Smoking decreases risk while drinking increases it. 
D) Smoking and drinking both decrease risk. 
A) Smoking increases risk while drinking decreases it. 
B) Smoking and drinking both increase risk. 
C) Smoking decreases risk while drinking increases it. 
D) Smoking and drinking both decrease risk.

Question 3

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) If dietary calcium is low,both blood and bone levels will decline. 
B) If dietary calcium is low,bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium. 
C) If dietary calcium is low,blood calcium is sacrificed to maintain bone calcium. 
D) Blood levels of calcium are a good indicator of the calcium status of bone. 
A) If dietary calcium is low,both blood and bone levels will decline. 
B) If dietary calcium is low,bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium. 
C) If dietary calcium is low,blood calcium is sacrificed to maintain bone calcium. 
D) Blood levels of calcium are a good indicator of the calcium status of bone.

Question 4

Which statement concerning magnesium toxicity is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It may occur with consumption of Mg-containing laxatives or antacids. 
B) It is characterized by high blood pressure. 
C) It is more common in the elderly with impaired kidney function. 
D) Magnesium toxicity would most likely occur from supplements. 
A) It may occur with consumption of Mg-containing laxatives or antacids. 
B) It is characterized by high blood pressure. 
C) It is more common in the elderly with impaired kidney function. 
D) Magnesium toxicity would most likely occur from supplements.

Question 5

At what point in one's lifetime is peak bone mass achieved?

Accepted Answer

Peak bone mass is typically achieved in

Question 6

The recommended intake of sulfur for adults is _____ mg/d.

Accepted Answer

A) 500 
B) 700 
C) 1000 
D) There is no recommended intake. 
A) 500 
B) 700 
C) 1000 
D) There is no recommended intake.

Question 7

Which of the following functions to inhibit calcium release from bone?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcitonin 
B) Parathyroid hormone 
C) Calmodulin 
D) Insulin 
A) Calcitonin 
B) Parathyroid hormone 
C) Calmodulin 
D) Insulin

Question 8

The typical magnesium intake in the US is:

Accepted Answer

A) below the RDA. 
B) at risk of providing toxic levels. 
C) slightly above the RDA. 
D) right at the RDA. 
A) below the RDA. 
B) at risk of providing toxic levels. 
C) slightly above the RDA. 
D) right at the RDA.

Question 9

Which of the following has been the most effective in decreasing post-menopausal bone loss?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluoride treatment 
B) Hormone replacement therapy 
C) Supplemental vitamin C 
D) Aerobic exercise plus multi-vitamins 
A) Fluoride treatment 
B) Hormone replacement therapy 
C) Supplemental vitamin C 
D) Aerobic exercise plus multi-vitamins

Question 10

The consumption of soda:

Accepted Answer

A) provides necessary nutrients. 
B) has led to a decrease in the consumption of milk. 
C) has remained constant for the last 20 years. 
D) is not of nutritional concern. 
A) provides necessary nutrients. 
B) has led to a decrease in the consumption of milk. 
C) has remained constant for the last 20 years. 
D) is not of nutritional concern.

Question 11

Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption?

Accepted Answer

A) Ascorbic acid 
B) Oxalates 
C) Phytates 
D) Tannins 
A) Ascorbic acid 
B) Oxalates 
C) Phytates 
D) Tannins

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a typical reason why women are at increased risk of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Women achieve a lower peak bone mass than men. 
B) Bone breakdown accelerates after menopause. 
C) Calcium absorption declines for a few years post-menopause. 
D) The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods. 
A) Women achieve a lower peak bone mass than men. 
B) Bone breakdown accelerates after menopause. 
C) Calcium absorption declines for a few years post-menopause. 
D) The hormonal changes that accompany menopause affect appetite for calcium-containing foods.

Question 13

Which statement about age-related bone loss is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs primarily in females. 
B) It is not typically associated with any dietary changes. 
C) Age related bone loss proceeds at ~0.3-0.5% per year. 
D) It is usually related to over-activation of vitamin D in the kidney. 
A) It occurs primarily in females. 
B) It is not typically associated with any dietary changes. 
C) Age related bone loss proceeds at ~0.3-0.5% per year. 
D) It is usually related to over-activation of vitamin D in the kidney.

Question 14

Describe the role of magnesium as a cofactor,use specific examples.

Accepted Answer

Magnesium plays a crucial role as a cofa

Question 15

Which of the following is true about minerals?

Accepted Answer

A) Minerals are organic molecules. 
B) Minerals can be structural components. 
C) Minerals are destroyed by heat. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) Minerals are organic molecules. 
B) Minerals can be structural components. 
C) Minerals are destroyed by heat. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 16

How does gender affect bone mass at different stages of the life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Gender can have a significant impact on

Question 17

Which statement about mineral supplements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They can be toxic. 
B) Supplements of one mineral can decrease the bioavailability of other minerals. 
C) Supplements can help individuals meet their dietary needs. 
D) They should always be avoided. 
A) They can be toxic. 
B) Supplements of one mineral can decrease the bioavailability of other minerals. 
C) Supplements can help individuals meet their dietary needs. 
D) They should always be avoided.

Question 18

The absorption of some minerals is regulated by:

Accepted Answer

A) interaction with phospholipids. 
B) starches. 
C) transport proteins. 
D) binding to amino acids. 
A) interaction with phospholipids. 
B) starches. 
C) transport proteins. 
D) binding to amino acids.

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding calcium is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants get adequate calcium from breast milk. 
B) Diets high in phytates increase calcium absorption. 
C) Pregnant women need more calcium to supply the needs of the growing fetus. 
D) Women who breast feed need more calcium in their diets. 
A) Infants get adequate calcium from breast milk. 
B) Diets high in phytates increase calcium absorption. 
C) Pregnant women need more calcium to supply the needs of the growing fetus. 
D) Women who breast feed need more calcium in their diets.

Question 20

Which of the following groups is LEAST at risk for phosphorus deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Healthy adults 
B) Vegans 
C) Elderly 
D) Alcoholics 
A) Healthy adults 
B) Vegans 
C) Elderly 
D) Alcoholics

Exam 11: Major Minerals and Bone Health

Peak bone mass in women is typically achieved in:

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk?

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium?

Which statement concerning magnesium toxicity is FALSE?

At what point in one's lifetime is peak bone mass achieved?

The recommended intake of sulfur for adults is _____ mg/d.

Which of the following functions to inhibit calcium release from bone?

The typical magnesium intake in the US is:

Which of the following has been the most effective in decreasing post-menopausal bone loss?

The consumption of soda:

Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption?

Which of the following is NOT a typical reason why women are at increased risk of osteoporosis?

Which statement about age-related bone loss is true?

Describe the role of magnesium as a cofactor,use specific examples.

Which of the following is true about minerals?

How does gender affect bone mass at different stages of the life cycle?

Which statement about mineral supplements is FALSE?

The absorption of some minerals is regulated by:

Which of the following statements regarding calcium is true?

Which of the following groups is LEAST at risk for phosphorus deficiency?

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber

Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Cholesterol

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

The Trace Minerals

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: The Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus on Alcohol

Focus on Eating Disorders

Focus on Phytochemicals

Focus on Nonvitaminnonmineral Supplements

Focus on Biotechnology

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