Question 1

Which property makes water a good solvent?

Accepted Answer

A) Covalent nature 
B) Electroneutrality 
C) Hydrophobicity 
D) Polarity 
A) Covalent nature 
B) Electroneutrality 
C) Hydrophobicity 
D) Polarity D

Question 2

Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It can cause sudden heart failure. 
B) It can occur in anorexia nervosa. 
C) It can disturb acid base balance. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) It can cause sudden heart failure. 
B) It can occur in anorexia nervosa. 
C) It can disturb acid base balance. 
D) All of these statements are true. D

Question 3

Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend on which minerals?

Accepted Answer

A) Chloride & potassium 
B) Phosphorous & calcium 
C) Sodium & fluoride 
D) Sodium & potassium 
A) Chloride & potassium 
B) Phosphorous & calcium 
C) Sodium & fluoride 
D) Sodium & potassium D

Question 4

The loss of body fluid in ways not obvious or noticeable to us is called:

Accepted Answer

A) insensible losses. 
B) interstitial decreases. 
C) transitory losses. 
D) undetectable losses. 
A) insensible losses. 
B) interstitial decreases. 
C) transitory losses. 
D) undetectable losses.

Question 5

All of the following occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) renin is released. 
B) water moves into the blood. 
C) blood pressure rises. 
D) blood volume rises. 
A) renin is released. 
B) water moves into the blood. 
C) blood pressure rises. 
D) blood volume rises.

Question 6

Most of the salt consumed by Americans is:

Accepted Answer

A) found naturally in food. 
B) added during home preparation. 
C) added at the table. 
D) added to food during processing and manufacturing. 
A) found naturally in food. 
B) added during home preparation. 
C) added at the table. 
D) added to food during processing and manufacturing.

Question 7

When a nerve cell depolarizes,all of the following occur EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) an electrical current is generated. 
B) it causes a muscle contraction. 
C) permeability of the cell membrane to sodium changes. 
D) a nerve impulse is sent. 
A) an electrical current is generated. 
B) it causes a muscle contraction. 
C) permeability of the cell membrane to sodium changes. 
D) a nerve impulse is sent.

Question 8

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water?

Accepted Answer

A) 20% 
B) 40% 
C) 60% 
D) 80% 
A) 20% 
B) 40% 
C) 60% 
D) 80%

Question 9

High blood pressure results in all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) an increased diabetes risk. 
B) weakening of and damage to artery walls. 
C) the heart working harder. 
D) an increased risk of stroke. 
A) an increased diabetes risk. 
B) weakening of and damage to artery walls. 
C) the heart working harder. 
D) an increased risk of stroke.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium is primarily intracellular; potassium is primarily extracellular. 
B) Sodium and potassium are primarily extracellular. 
C) Sodium and potassium are primarily intracellular. 
D) Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular. 
A) Sodium is primarily intracellular; potassium is primarily extracellular. 
B) Sodium and potassium are primarily extracellular. 
C) Sodium and potassium are primarily intracellular. 
D) Sodium is primarily extracellular; potassium is primarily intracellular.

Question 11

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) Water changes temperature slowly,helping to maintain body temperature. 
B) When body temperature rises,sweat is produced; this evaporates to cool the body. 
C) Low body temperature causes restricted blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat. 
D) High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production,thus dissipating excess heat. 
A) Water changes temperature slowly,helping to maintain body temperature. 
B) When body temperature rises,sweat is produced; this evaporates to cool the body. 
C) Low body temperature causes restricted blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat. 
D) High body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys increasing urine production,thus dissipating excess heat.

Question 12

In the United States,the typical diet is high in _______ and low in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) sodium; potassium and chloride 
B) sodium; phosphorous 
C) iron; potassium 
D) sodium and chloride; potassium 
A) sodium; potassium and chloride 
B) sodium; phosphorous 
C) iron; potassium 
D) sodium and chloride; potassium

Question 13

A reaction that breaks large molecules into smaller ones by the addition of water is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) exchange reaction. 
B) catalysis reaction. 
C) hydrolysis reaction. 
D) condensation reaction. 
A) exchange reaction. 
B) catalysis reaction. 
C) hydrolysis reaction. 
D) condensation reaction.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about intestinal absorption of sodium,chloride and potassium from the diet is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They are readily absorbed. 
B) Absorption is regulated according to body needs. 
C) Sodium absorption is tightly regulated,while chloride and potassium absorption is largely unregulated. 
D) Minor changes in intake from day to day can upset normal homeostasis. 
A) They are readily absorbed. 
B) Absorption is regulated according to body needs. 
C) Sodium absorption is tightly regulated,while chloride and potassium absorption is largely unregulated. 
D) Minor changes in intake from day to day can upset normal homeostasis.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding maintenance of electrolyte concentrations across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) The sodium potassium ATPase is a key player. 
B) The process involves an active transport system. 
C) The input of large amounts of energy is required. 
D) Depolarization of cell membranes is necessary. 
A) The sodium potassium ATPase is a key player. 
B) The process involves an active transport system. 
C) The input of large amounts of energy is required. 
D) Depolarization of cell membranes is necessary.

Question 16

All of the following are ways to reduce sodium intake in your diet EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) replacing processed foods with unprocessed foods. 
B) choosing canned vegetables rather than frozen vegetables. 
C) choosing roasted turkey rather than bologna. 
D) preparing your meals at home. 
A) replacing processed foods with unprocessed foods. 
B) choosing canned vegetables rather than frozen vegetables. 
C) choosing roasted turkey rather than bologna. 
D) preparing your meals at home.

Question 17

Fluid requirements for infants are proportionately greater than those for adults because:

Accepted Answer

A) infants have less surface area for evaporation. 
B) infants are more active than adults. 
C) infants weigh less than adults. 
D) infants have immature kidneys that are not able to concentrate urine. 
A) infants have less surface area for evaporation. 
B) infants are more active than adults. 
C) infants weigh less than adults. 
D) infants have immature kidneys that are not able to concentrate urine.

Question 18

Hypertension is very common,affecting _____ of adults in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

A) 1/10 
B) 1/4 
C) 1/3 
D) 1/2 
A) 1/10 
B) 1/4 
C) 1/3 
D) 1/2

Question 19

Positively and negatively charged ions in water are called:

Accepted Answer

A) solvents. 
B) non-polar. 
C) electrolytes. 
D) inert. 
A) solvents. 
B) non-polar. 
C) electrolytes. 
D) inert.

Question 20

Kevin lost 3 pounds during his workout.He should consume a minimum of ________ liters of liquid to replace lost fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 
B) 1 
C) 1.5 
D) 2 
A) 0.5 
B) 1 
C) 1.5 
D) 2

Exam 10: Water and the Electrolytes

Which property makes water a good solvent?

Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true?

Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend on which minerals?

The loss of body fluid in ways not obvious or noticeable to us is called:

All of the following occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises EXCEPT:

Most of the salt consumed by Americans is:

When a nerve cell depolarizes,all of the following occur EXCEPT:

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water?

High blood pressure results in all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body?

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature?

In the United States,the typical diet is high in _______ and low in ________.

A reaction that breaks large molecules into smaller ones by the addition of water is called a(n):

Which of the following statements about intestinal absorption of sodium,chloride and potassium from the diet is true?

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding maintenance of electrolyte concentrations across cell membranes?

All of the following are ways to reduce sodium intake in your diet EXCEPT:

Fluid requirements for infants are proportionately greater than those for adults because:

Hypertension is very common,affecting _____ of adults in the U.S.

Positively and negatively charged ions in water are called:

Kevin lost 3 pounds during his workout.He should consume a minimum of ________ liters of liquid to replace lost fluid.

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber

Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Cholesterol

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Minerals

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: The Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus on Alcohol

Focus on Eating Disorders

Focus on Phytochemicals

Focus on Nonvitaminnonmineral Supplements

Focus on Biotechnology

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In the United States,the typical diet is high in _ and low in __.