Question 1

During pregnancy,__________ is caused by the buildup of extracellular fluid in the tissues,particularly in the lower extremities.

Accepted Answer

A) edema 
B) constipation 
C) gestational diabetes 
D) pica 
A) edema 
B) constipation 
C) gestational diabetes 
D) pica A

Question 2

The risk of having a baby born with Down syndrome is most closely associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol consumption during pregnancy. 
B) impaired folate status. 
C) maternal age at time of conception. 
D) inadequate (low)weight gain during pregnancy. 
A) alcohol consumption during pregnancy. 
B) impaired folate status. 
C) maternal age at time of conception. 
D) inadequate (low)weight gain during pregnancy. C

Question 3

An important role of the placenta is to :

Accepted Answer

A) secrete hormones. 
B) protect the fetus. 
C) provide a site for embryo implantation. 
D) maintain maternal blood glucose levels. 
A) secrete hormones. 
B) protect the fetus. 
C) provide a site for embryo implantation. 
D) maintain maternal blood glucose levels. A

Question 4

Excess weight gain during pregnancy can increase the mother's risk for:

Accepted Answer

A) premature delivery. 
B) having a low-birth-weight infant. 
C) pelvic stress fractures. 
D) gestational diabetes. 
A) premature delivery. 
B) having a low-birth-weight infant. 
C) pelvic stress fractures. 
D) gestational diabetes.

Question 5

During the first 6 months,the macronutrient that contributes the most energy to an infants' diet is:

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate. 
B) protein. 
C) fat. 
D) Kcals should be evenly divided between the energy providing nutrients. 
A) carbohydrate. 
B) protein. 
C) fat. 
D) Kcals should be evenly divided between the energy providing nutrients.

Question 6

Describe the impact of drinking alcohol,smoking cigarettes,and caffeine consumption during pregnancy on the growth and development of the unborn child.

Accepted Answer

Drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, an

Question 7

Summarize the health benefits for the mother and for the infant associated with breastfeeding.

Accepted Answer

Breastfeeding offers numerous health ben

Question 8

Which statement about water requirements during pregnancy is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) A pregnant woman needs to drink an additional 4 glasses of water per day. 
B) Extra water intake supports the needs of the fetus. 
C) More water is required to provide for the amniotic fluid. 
D) Higher water requirements support the increase in blood volume. 
A) A pregnant woman needs to drink an additional 4 glasses of water per day. 
B) Extra water intake supports the needs of the fetus. 
C) More water is required to provide for the amniotic fluid. 
D) Higher water requirements support the increase in blood volume.

Question 9

Differentiate between infants classified as premature,low birth weight,small-for-gestational-age,and large-for-gestational-age.

Accepted Answer

Infants can be classified based on their

Question 10

Infants born weighing 4.5 pounds are classified as:

Accepted Answer

A) large-for-gestational-age. 
B) premature. 
C) low-birth-weight infants. 
D) very-low-birth-weight infants. 
A) large-for-gestational-age. 
B) premature. 
C) low-birth-weight infants. 
D) very-low-birth-weight infants.

Question 11

An indication that a breastfed baby is getting an adequate amount of milk is:

Accepted Answer

A) the frequency in which they soak diapers a day. 
B) how often they cry. 
C) how long they sleep during the night. 
D) All of these. 
A) the frequency in which they soak diapers a day. 
B) how often they cry. 
C) how long they sleep during the night. 
D) All of these.

Question 12

Colostrum:

Accepted Answer

A) is a type of formula that has essential fatty acids (EPA and DH
A) added. 
B) is the first fluid that is produced by the breast after delivery. 
C) is the first stool passed by the infant after delivery. 
D) is another name for the mature milk produced by the breast. 
A) is a type of formula that has essential fatty acids (EPA and DH
A) added. 
B) is the first fluid that is produced by the breast after delivery. 
C) is the first stool passed by the infant after delivery. 
D) is another name for the mature milk produced by the breast.

Question 13

The most severe form of pregnancy-induced hypertension is called:

Accepted Answer

A) gestational hypertension. 
B) preeclampsia. 
C) eclampsia. 
D) hyperkalemia. 
A) gestational hypertension. 
B) preeclampsia. 
C) eclampsia. 
D) hyperkalemia.

Question 14

Older women (>40 years of age)are at increased risk of having a baby born with:

Accepted Answer

A) PKU. 
B) Down syndrome. 
C) fetal alcohol syndrome. 
D) All of these. 
A) PKU. 
B) Down syndrome. 
C) fetal alcohol syndrome. 
D) All of these.

Question 15

The leading cause of preventable birth defects and mental retardation during pregnancy is:

Accepted Answer

A) tobacco use. 
B) coffee consumption. 
C) cocaine abuse. 
D) alcohol abuse. 
A) tobacco use. 
B) coffee consumption. 
C) cocaine abuse. 
D) alcohol abuse.

Question 16

For each of the following nutrients,explain the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy that increase the requirement for that nutrient.
A)iron
B)zinc
C)folate

Accepted Answer

Iron is an essential nutrient for the pr

Question 17

Which statement is FALSE regarding vitamin D during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A) African-Americans have a higher percentage of deficiency. 
B) Dietary requirements increase by 50%. 
C) Vitamin D is important to support absorption of dietary calcium. 
D) 70% of pregnant women have low vitamin D levels. 
A) African-Americans have a higher percentage of deficiency. 
B) Dietary requirements increase by 50%. 
C) Vitamin D is important to support absorption of dietary calcium. 
D) 70% of pregnant women have low vitamin D levels.

Question 18

Physiological changes during pregnancy can cause minor digestive discomforts (morning sickness,heartburn and constipation).Explain why each of these discomforts may occur and how they may be alleviated.

Accepted Answer

Morning sickness, or nausea and vomiting

Question 19

Women who enter pregnancy with excess weight (BMI ~29)should:

Accepted Answer

A) lose 5-10 pounds. 
B) not gain any additional weight. 
C) gain at least 15 pounds. 
D) limit themselves to 500 - 600 kcals/day. 
A) lose 5-10 pounds. 
B) not gain any additional weight. 
C) gain at least 15 pounds. 
D) limit themselves to 500 - 600 kcals/day.

Question 20

Explain how maternal age can influence pregnancy outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Maternal age can influence pregnancy out

Exam 14: Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

During pregnancy,__________ is caused by the buildup of extracellular fluid in the tissues,particularly in the lower extremities.

The risk of having a baby born with Down syndrome is most closely associated with:

An important role of the placenta is to :

Excess weight gain during pregnancy can increase the mother's risk for:

During the first 6 months,the macronutrient that contributes the most energy to an infants' diet is:

Describe the impact of drinking alcohol,smoking cigarettes,and caffeine consumption during pregnancy on the growth and development of the unborn child.

Summarize the health benefits for the mother and for the infant associated with breastfeeding.

Which statement about water requirements during pregnancy is FALSE?

Differentiate between infants classified as premature,low birth weight,small-for-gestational-age,and large-for-gestational-age.

Infants born weighing 4.5 pounds are classified as:

An indication that a breastfed baby is getting an adequate amount of milk is:

Colostrum:

The most severe form of pregnancy-induced hypertension is called:

Older women (>40 years of age)are at increased risk of having a baby born with:

The leading cause of preventable birth defects and mental retardation during pregnancy is:

For each of the following nutrients,explain the physiological changes that occur during pregnancy that increase the requirement for that nutrient. A)iron B)zinc C)folate

Which statement is FALSE regarding vitamin D during pregnancy?

Physiological changes during pregnancy can cause minor digestive discomforts (morning sickness,heartburn and constipation).Explain why each of these discomforts may occur and how they may be alleviated.

Women who enter pregnancy with excess weight (BMI ~29)should:

Explain how maternal age can influence pregnancy outcomes.

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber

Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Cholesterol

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Minerals

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: The Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus on Alcohol

Focus on Eating Disorders

Focus on Phytochemicals

Focus on Nonvitaminnonmineral Supplements

Focus on Biotechnology

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