Exam 7: Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

In reconciling cognitive dissonance and self-perception theories,researchers find that dissonance reduction processes tend to occur when behavior is at odds with ________,while self-perception processes are more likely to occur when behavior is inconsistent with ________.

Making hard decisions triggers negative emotion,which in turn triggers processes of rationalization that make us comfortable with our decisions.This statement captures the phenomenon explained by ________ theory.

Cacioppo and colleagues (1993)have examined how arm movements can influence attitudes by asking participants to view Chinese characters while either extending an arm away from or flexing an arm toward themselves.Which of the following best sums up the results of this research?

Which of the following studies best supports Festinger's (1957)cognitive dissonance theory?

Describe three ways in which researchers measure attitudes.

Describe the basics of terror management theory and identify two situations in which this theory might be useful in explaining people's attitudes or behaviors.

Consider the following quote: "How do I know what I think until I hear what I say?" The sentiment expressed in this quote captures the essence of

Candice really likes action films.Under which condition is introspecting about why she likes action films likely to WEAKEN the association between her attitude toward action films and her intention to go to see an action film at the theater?

Recall that Wilson and his colleagues (1984)asked students about their current romantic relationships.Participants in Group 1 were asked for an overall evaluation of their relationships,whereas participants in Group 2 were additionally asked to explain why they felt the way they did.Nearly nine months later,the researchers contacted the participants again and asked them about the current status of their relationships.Which of the following statements most accurately captures the study's results?

The self-perception processes posited by Bem (1967,1972)are particularly likely to be invoked when

To learn whether responses in cognitive dissonance experiments are the product of self-perception processes,Bem (1972)asked participants to

Attitudes often fail to predict behavior with the accuracy we might expect.Explain how this failure could result from the level of specificity in which the attitudes and behaviors are measured.

Although you want to chat with your friend during class,you're worried that the professor or other students would notice,so you choose not to talk to your friend.This best illustrates that

Janet has received two job offers,one from SimpCo and another from JebCo,both companies for which she would be thrilled to work.Janet thinks a lot about each offer and ends up accepting JebCo's offer,even though she thought highly of both.Analyze the effects of Janet's decision on her later attitudes and behavior relating to both SimpCo and JebCo.To do this,draw directly on social psychological theory and research findings.

Consider the following saying: "If at first you don't succeed,try,try again." According to cognitive dissonance theory,trying again should ________ how much you value the outcome of your efforts.

Explain the embodied nature of emotion and cognition and describe two research studies that show the relation between bodily movements and attitudes.

Jamal loves strawberry ice cream,whereas Maria does not feel strongly about strawberry ice cream.Which of them would have longer response latencies (i.e.,would respond more slowly)to a question about his or her attitude toward strawberry ice cream?