Question 1

Which of the following findings supports the concept of reciprocal altruism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human mothers can recognize their new babies from photographs, even when they have had little contact with the babies. 
B)  Across cultures, people are more willing to help closely related individuals than strangers. 
C)  Chimpanzees will share food with other primates who share with them. 
D)  Identical twins cooperate more when working together compared to fraternal twins. 
A)  Human mothers can recognize their new babies from photographs, even when they have had little contact with the babies. 
B)  Across cultures, people are more willing to help closely related individuals than strangers. 
C)  Chimpanzees will share food with other primates who share with them. 
D)  Identical twins cooperate more when working together compared to fraternal twins. C

Question 2

Define reputation and explain how knowledge of other people's reputations influences cooperation.

Accepted Answer

Reputation refers to the collective beliefs,evaluations,and impressions people hold about an individual within a social network.Studies of people at work find that they quickly develop reputations for being good citizens (cooperators)or "bad apples" (defectors),and that these reputations spread through the organization and persist over time.Research suggests that people are more likely to share resources with those who have a reputation for being generous and to choose not to give resources to those who have a reputation for being greedy.For example,in variations on the prisoner's dilemma game,participants are more likely to cooperate when they are told that their partners have a reputation for cooperation and more likely to defect when they are told that their partners have a reputation for defecting.

Question 3

Henrich and his colleagues (2001)recruited individuals from 15 different small societies to play the ultimatum game.They found that individuals from cultures where people ________ offered more money to the responder.

Accepted Answer

A)  are more competitive 
B)  need to collaborate with others to survive 
C)  are more independent 
D)  are more altruistic 
A)  are more competitive 
B)  need to collaborate with others to survive 
C)  are more independent 
D)  are more altruistic B

Question 4

Evidence that humans and nonhuman animals have a highly developed capacity to recognize their relatives supports the idea of

Accepted Answer

A)  exclusive fitness. 
B)  mate preferences. 
C)  parental investment. 
D)  kin selection. 
A)  exclusive fitness. 
B)  mate preferences. 
C)  parental investment. 
D)  kin selection.

Question 5

Explain the basic concept of the prisoner's dilemma.How is the example of the India-Pakistan arms race,as described in the textbook,a real-world example of the prisoner's dilemma?

Accepted Answer

The prisoner's dilemma is a situation in

Question 6

In the arms race between India and Pakistan,each country must decide whether to keep building up its own arsenal or to stop spending money on arms and try to reach peace with the other country.Both will benefit most if each stops building up armaments,but each country is worried that if it stops spending money on weapons,the other one will keep buying weapons and gain an advantage.This situation is a real-world example of the

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal altruism principle. 
B)  prisoner's dilemma. 
C)  ultimatum game. 
D)  dictator game. 
A)  reciprocal altruism principle. 
B)  prisoner's dilemma. 
C)  ultimatum game. 
D)  dictator game.

Question 7

In the typical prisoner's dilemma game,which of the following strategies would bring you the best immediate personal outcome as a participant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both you and your partner cooperate. 
B)  Both you and your partner defect. 
C)  You defect, and your partner cooperates. 
D)  You cooperate, and your partner defects. 
A)  Both you and your partner cooperate. 
B)  Both you and your partner defect. 
C)  You defect, and your partner cooperates. 
D)  You cooperate, and your partner defects.

Question 8

Ada is sitting in class when smoke starts to filter into the room.She looks around and nobody else seems to be doing anything about it.According to research described in the textbook,Ada is

Accepted Answer

A)  likely to report the smoke to the professor in order to appear smart and observant. 
B)  likely to construe the smoke as dangerous if there are many other students in the room. 
C)  unlikely to report the smoke to the professor because she suspects she is in a research study. 
D)  unlikely to report the smoke to the professor for fear of embarrassing herself in front of the class. 
A)  likely to report the smoke to the professor in order to appear smart and observant. 
B)  likely to construe the smoke as dangerous if there are many other students in the room. 
C)  unlikely to report the smoke to the professor because she suspects she is in a research study. 
D)  unlikely to report the smoke to the professor for fear of embarrassing herself in front of the class.

Question 9

Of the following individuals,who would be most likely to volunteer to take homework to a group of injured children in the hospital?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anne, who shows little emotion when she learns about the children's situation 
B)  Dani, who shows a concerned gaze and a slowing of her heart rate when she learns about the children's situation 
C)  Gabby, who shows a painful wince in the face and an increased heart rate when she learns about the children's situation 
D)  Tina, who frowns when she learns about the children's situation 
A)  Anne, who shows little emotion when she learns about the children's situation 
B)  Dani, who shows a concerned gaze and a slowing of her heart rate when she learns about the children's situation 
C)  Gabby, who shows a painful wince in the face and an increased heart rate when she learns about the children's situation 
D)  Tina, who frowns when she learns about the children's situation

Question 10

The collective beliefs,evaluations,and impressions other people hold about an individual are referred to as his or her

Accepted Answer

A)  personal construal. 
B)  reputation. 
C)  self-schema. 
D)  interaction history. 
A)  personal construal. 
B)  reputation. 
C)  self-schema. 
D)  interaction history.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the tit-for-tat strategy and how it fared in Robert Axelrod's 200-round prisoner's dilemma tournament?

Accepted Answer

A)  The tit-for-tat strategy won each round when pitted against any other strategy. 
B)  The tit-for-tat strategy was the best strategy overall against a diversity of other strategies. 
C)  The tit-for-tat strategy is not exploitable. 
D)  The tit-for-tat strategy is easy to read. 
A)  The tit-for-tat strategy won each round when pitted against any other strategy. 
B)  The tit-for-tat strategy was the best strategy overall against a diversity of other strategies. 
C)  The tit-for-tat strategy is not exploitable. 
D)  The tit-for-tat strategy is easy to read.

Question 12

The Machiguenga people of Peru collaborate little with others outside their family,whereas the Lamerala people of Indonesia collaborate extensively in fishing.Which group of people would we expect to give more money or resources to a stranger?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither group would give money or resources to a stranger. 
B)  The Lamerala would give more. 
C)  The Machiguenga would give more. 
D)  Both would give equal amounts. 
A)  Neither group would give money or resources to a stranger. 
B)  The Lamerala would give more. 
C)  The Machiguenga would give more. 
D)  Both would give equal amounts.

Question 13

All the following victim characteristics are likely to increase helping EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  bleeding. 
B)  screaming for help. 
C)  being similar to a potential helper. 
D)  unambiguous need. 
A)  bleeding. 
B)  screaming for help. 
C)  being similar to a potential helper. 
D)  unambiguous need.

Question 14

Research suggests that the greater the number of individuals who witness a person in trouble,________ the person in need.

Accepted Answer

A)  the more likely it is that any one person will help 
B)  the more sympathy any one person will feel toward 
C)  the less likely it is that any one person will help 
D)  the less sympathy any one person will feel toward 
A)  the more likely it is that any one person will help 
B)  the more sympathy any one person will feel toward 
C)  the less likely it is that any one person will help 
D)  the less sympathy any one person will feel toward

Question 15

Of the following individuals,who is most likely to behave in a cooperative way?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avery, who is an economics major 
B)  Carlos, who is in a hurry 
C)  Lillian, who has just observed someone else being cooperative 
D)  Rashid, who has just observed someone else being competitive 
A)  Avery, who is an economics major 
B)  Carlos, who is in a hurry 
C)  Lillian, who has just observed someone else being cooperative 
D)  Rashid, who has just observed someone else being competitive

Question 16

In many industrialized nations,strong social norms dictate efforts to behave in a cool,calm,and collected manner in public,especially during emergencies.Unfortunately,this norm can promote

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal indifference. 
B)  altruism. 
C)  pluralistic ignorance. 
D)  bystander intervention. 
A)  reciprocal indifference. 
B)  altruism. 
C)  pluralistic ignorance. 
D)  bystander intervention.

Question 17

Brown and her colleagues (2003)conducted longitudinal research on volunteerism in elderly couples.What did they find about the connection between volunteerism and health?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who received help from others were less likely to die over the course of the study. 
B)  People who helped others were less likely to die over the course of the study. 
C)  People who helped others were healthier throughout the study, but there was no connection with mortality rates. 
D)  People who received help from others were healthier than people who spent their time helping others. 
A)  People who received help from others were less likely to die over the course of the study. 
B)  People who helped others were less likely to die over the course of the study. 
C)  People who helped others were healthier throughout the study, but there was no connection with mortality rates. 
D)  People who received help from others were healthier than people who spent their time helping others.

Question 18

Stephen notices that Jenny is sitting by herself in the cafeteria,crying.Watching her cry makes Stephen feel upset,so he goes over to try to comfort her.Stephen's behavior is likely motivated by the ________ motive for helping others.

Accepted Answer

A)  affiliative 
B)  personal distress 
C)  empathic concern 
D)  reciprocity 
A)  affiliative 
B)  personal distress 
C)  empathic concern 
D)  reciprocity

Question 19

In their research on motives for altruism,Batson and his colleagues (1986)found that

Accepted Answer

A)  people were less likely to feel empathy toward a single person than toward a group of people. 
B)  most people volunteered to alleviate another person's pain when they felt high levels of personal distress. 
C)  people only expressed empathy in response to people who were physically attractive. 
D)  people who felt more empathy were more likely to volunteer to alleviate another person's pain. 
A)  people were less likely to feel empathy toward a single person than toward a group of people. 
B)  most people volunteered to alleviate another person's pain when they felt high levels of personal distress. 
C)  people only expressed empathy in response to people who were physically attractive. 
D)  people who felt more empathy were more likely to volunteer to alleviate another person's pain.

Question 20

Imagine your car breaks down on a street late at night.According to research on culture and altruism,you are more likely to receive help

Accepted Answer

A)  on the U.S. West Coast than on the U.S. East Coast. 
B)  in a town with 60,000 residents than a town with 120,000 residents. 
C)  in an urban setting than in a rural setting. 
D)  in a town with 1,000 residents than a town with 5,000 residents. 
A)  on the U.S. West Coast than on the U.S. East Coast. 
B)  in a town with 60,000 residents than a town with 120,000 residents. 
C)  in an urban setting than in a rural setting. 
D)  in a town with 1,000 residents than a town with 5,000 residents.

Which of the following findings supports the concept of reciprocal altruism?

Define reputation and explain how knowledge of other people's reputations influences cooperation.

Henrich and his colleagues (2001)recruited individuals from 15 different small societies to play the ultimatum game.They found that individuals from cultures where people ________ offered more money to the responder.

Evidence that humans and nonhuman animals have a highly developed capacity to recognize their relatives supports the idea of

Explain the basic concept of the prisoner's dilemma.How is the example of the India-Pakistan arms race,as described in the textbook,a real-world example of the prisoner's dilemma?

In the typical prisoner's dilemma game,which of the following strategies would bring you the best immediate personal outcome as a participant?

Ada is sitting in class when smoke starts to filter into the room.She looks around and nobody else seems to be doing anything about it.According to research described in the textbook,Ada is

Of the following individuals,who would be most likely to volunteer to take homework to a group of injured children in the hospital?

The collective beliefs,evaluations,and impressions other people hold about an individual are referred to as his or her

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the tit-for-tat strategy and how it fared in Robert Axelrod's 200-round prisoner's dilemma tournament?

The Machiguenga people of Peru collaborate little with others outside their family,whereas the Lamerala people of Indonesia collaborate extensively in fishing.Which group of people would we expect to give more money or resources to a stranger?

All the following victim characteristics are likely to increase helping EXCEPT

Research suggests that the greater the number of individuals who witness a person in trouble,________ the person in need.

Of the following individuals,who is most likely to behave in a cooperative way?

In many industrialized nations,strong social norms dictate efforts to behave in a cool,calm,and collected manner in public,especially during emergencies.Unfortunately,this norm can promote

Brown and her colleagues (2003)conducted longitudinal research on volunteerism in elderly couples.What did they find about the connection between volunteerism and health?

Stephen notices that Jenny is sitting by herself in the cafeteria,crying.Watching her cry makes Stephen feel upset,so he goes over to try to comfort her.Stephen's behavior is likely motivated by the ________ motive for helping others.

In their research on motives for altruism,Batson and his colleagues (1986)found that

Imagine your car breaks down on a street late at night.According to research on culture and altruism,you are more likely to receive help

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health

Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio

Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law

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Exam 14: Altruism and Cooperation

Which of the following findings supports the concept of reciprocal altruism?

Define reputation and explain how knowledge of other people's reputations influences cooperation.

Henrich and his colleagues (2001)recruited individuals from 15 different small societies to play the ultimatum game.They found that individuals from cultures where people ________ offered more money to the responder.

Evidence that humans and nonhuman animals have a highly developed capacity to recognize their relatives supports the idea of

Explain the basic concept of the prisoner's dilemma.How is the example of the India-Pakistan arms race,as described in the textbook,a real-world example of the prisoner's dilemma?

In the typical prisoner's dilemma game,which of the following strategies would bring you the best immediate personal outcome as a participant?

Ada is sitting in class when smoke starts to filter into the room.She looks around and nobody else seems to be doing anything about it.According to research described in the textbook,Ada is

Of the following individuals,who would be most likely to volunteer to take homework to a group of injured children in the hospital?

The collective beliefs,evaluations,and impressions other people hold about an individual are referred to as his or her

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the tit-for-tat strategy and how it fared in Robert Axelrod's 200-round prisoner's dilemma tournament?

The Machiguenga people of Peru collaborate little with others outside their family,whereas the Lamerala people of Indonesia collaborate extensively in fishing.Which group of people would we expect to give more money or resources to a stranger?

All the following victim characteristics are likely to increase helping EXCEPT

Research suggests that the greater the number of individuals who witness a person in trouble,________ the person in need.

Of the following individuals,who is most likely to behave in a cooperative way?

In many industrialized nations,strong social norms dictate efforts to behave in a cool,calm,and collected manner in public,especially during emergencies.Unfortunately,this norm can promote

Brown and her colleagues (2003)conducted longitudinal research on volunteerism in elderly couples.What did they find about the connection between volunteerism and health?

Stephen notices that Jenny is sitting by herself in the cafeteria,crying.Watching her cry makes Stephen feel upset,so he goes over to try to comfort her.Stephen's behavior is likely motivated by the ________ motive for helping others.

In their research on motives for altruism,Batson and his colleagues (1986)found that

Imagine your car breaks down on a street late at night.According to research on culture and altruism,you are more likely to receive help

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Persuasion

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health

Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio

Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law

Filters