Question 1

Which of the following statements about the effects of subliminal stimuli is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Subliminal stimuli have no effect on attitudes or behavior. 
B)  Subliminal stimuli can lead people to vote for political candidates they do not support. 
C)  Subliminal exposure to thirst-related words can lead thirsty people to drink more. 
D)  Subliminal stimuli can lead people to violate deeply held values. 
A)  Subliminal stimuli have no effect on attitudes or behavior. 
B)  Subliminal stimuli can lead people to vote for political candidates they do not support. 
C)  Subliminal exposure to thirst-related words can lead thirsty people to drink more. 
D)  Subliminal stimuli can lead people to violate deeply held values. C

Question 2

Describe a real or imagined situation in which public commitments increase resistance to persuasion,and explain why public commitments have this effect.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary.One example of a public commitment is to share one's political views with friends.Once one's political views are made public,it's hard to back down from such endorsements without losing face,even when faced with evidence that contracts one's original position.In addition,according to Tesser's thought polarization hypothesis,public commitments engage people in more extensive thoughts about a particular issue,which tends to produce more extreme,entrenched attitudes.Public commitments can also lead to repeated expression of a given attitude,which can in turn strengthen that attitude.

Question 3

Shared attention refers to a phenomenon whereby

Accepted Answer

A)  people are more attentive to persuasive messages when they are within a group with at least three other people. 
B)  people are more easily persuaded by persuasive messages when they are within a group with at least three other people. 
C)  people are less often persuaded by persuasive messages that they know are seen by a large group of others. 
D)  people pay more careful attention to persuasive messages that they know are seen by a large group of others. 
A)  people are more attentive to persuasive messages when they are within a group with at least three other people. 
B)  people are more easily persuaded by persuasive messages when they are within a group with at least three other people. 
C)  people are less often persuaded by persuasive messages that they know are seen by a large group of others. 
D)  people pay more careful attention to persuasive messages that they know are seen by a large group of others. D

Question 4

Name two factors that make it challenging for researchers to accurately measure the effect that media has on our attitudes.Explain why these factors present a challenge to the research.

Accepted Answer

(1)The research has largely relied on su

Question 5

Define the concept of embodiment and give one example of how it can influence persuasion.

Accepted Answer

Embodiment refers to the idea that bodil

Question 6

Recall that Carl Hovland and his colleagues broke down persuasive messages into three components.Which of the following questions emphasizes the component called source characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Are people more likely to take a trip to Florida if they are in college? 
B)  Are people more likely to buy a car if they know how its engine works? 
C)  Are people more likely to buy a cleaning product if they are in a good mood? 
D)  Are people more likely to buy a brand of aspirin that is recommended by the American Medical Association? 
A)  Are people more likely to take a trip to Florida if they are in college? 
B)  Are people more likely to buy a car if they know how its engine works? 
C)  Are people more likely to buy a cleaning product if they are in a good mood? 
D)  Are people more likely to buy a brand of aspirin that is recommended by the American Medical Association?

Question 7

Describe two source characteristics that increase a person's ability to persuade others,giving an example of each.Then discuss why these characteristics affect persuasion.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but they should focus

Question 8

Which of the following message recipients does NOT display a characteristic that is known to impact the susceptibility to persuasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jackie, a woman high in need for cognition 
B)  Lenny, a Latino man 
C)  Paula, a 65-year-old woman 
D)  Nick, a man who is very certain of most of his attitudes 
A)  Jackie, a woman high in need for cognition 
B)  Lenny, a Latino man 
C)  Paula, a 65-year-old woman 
D)  Nick, a man who is very certain of most of his attitudes

Question 9

Candace was having dinner with friends when one asked the group to name Australia's capital city.Sydney popped immediately into Candace's mind as a likely answer,but she waited to see what her other friends thought was right.Some were confident that the capital city was Sydney,while others thought it might be Canberra.Consistent with the self-validation hypothesis,Candace was persuaded that ________ was the right answer because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Canberra; of the similarity between the city name and her own name 
B)  Sydney; having "Sydney" pop into her mind so quickly made her confident it was right 
C)  Canberra; having "Sydney" pop in her mind so quickly made her suspicious about whether it could be right 
D)  Sydney; she recalled watching a movie set in Sydney recently 
A)  Canberra; of the similarity between the city name and her own name 
B)  Sydney; having "Sydney" pop into her mind so quickly made her confident it was right 
C)  Canberra; having "Sydney" pop in her mind so quickly made her suspicious about whether it could be right 
D)  Sydney; she recalled watching a movie set in Sydney recently

Question 10

Imagine you are a participant in the 1967 study by Leventhal and colleagues,in which participants either (a)watched a scary film about lung cancer,(b)read a pamphlet of suggestions for how to quit smoking,or (c)watched the scary film and also read the pamphlet.According to the results,you would be most likely to quit smoking if you were in condition

Accepted Answer

A)  (a). 
B)  (b). 
C)  (c). 
D)  None of the conditions: the likelihood of quitting smoking did not differ across the three conditions. 
A)  (a). 
B)  (b). 
C)  (c). 
D)  None of the conditions: the likelihood of quitting smoking did not differ across the three conditions.

Question 11

Which of the following advertising strategies BEST illustrates an attempt to persuade people through the central route?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research is presented demonstrating that a particular moisturizing lotion is more effective than other products. 
B)  An attractive woman is shown eating a gourmet brand of chocolate. 
C)  An upbeat song is played during a car ad. 
D)  A famous actor claims he loves drinking a particular brand of soda. 
A)  Research is presented demonstrating that a particular moisturizing lotion is more effective than other products. 
B)  An attractive woman is shown eating a gourmet brand of chocolate. 
C)  An upbeat song is played during a car ad. 
D)  A famous actor claims he loves drinking a particular brand of soda.

Question 12

Samantha wants to persuade her roommate Larissa to allow her to get a dog.Samantha's arguments for wanting the dog are not very strong,but they are uplifting.According to research on mood and persuasion,when should Samantha approach Larissa if she wants the best chance of persuading her roommate?

Accepted Answer

A)  when Larissa has just finished a long day at work 
B)  when Larissa is listening to beautiful music 
C)  when Larissa is in a bad mood 
D)  when Samantha is feeling unsure about getting a dog 
A)  when Larissa has just finished a long day at work 
B)  when Larissa is listening to beautiful music 
C)  when Larissa is in a bad mood 
D)  when Samantha is feeling unsure about getting a dog

Question 13

Jason conducted an experiment in which participants were shown (a)three news stories dealing with the U.S.national deficit; (b)six news stories dealing with the U.S.national deficit; or (c)no news stories dealing with the U.S.national deficit.According to research on agenda control,Jason should expect that participants who read ________ news stories dealing with the deficit should be ________ likely to cite the deficit as one of the most important problems facing the country.

Accepted Answer

A)  six; least 
B)  six; most 
C)  three; most 
D)  no; most 
A)  six; least 
B)  six; most 
C)  three; most 
D)  no; most

Question 14

Imagine that you have to convince an audience to adopt your opinion on health care reform,but the specific arguments that your team has selected for your presentation are weak.According to research on attitude change,what should you do to increase your chances of being persuasive despite your weak arguments?

Accepted Answer

A)  make eye contact with as many audience members as possible 
B)  state your arguments with confidence 
C)  ensure that people are paying close attention to what you are saying 
D)  emphasize how health care reform is highly relevant to everyone in the audience 
A)  make eye contact with as many audience members as possible 
B)  state your arguments with confidence 
C)  ensure that people are paying close attention to what you are saying 
D)  emphasize how health care reform is highly relevant to everyone in the audience

Question 15

Imagine you spend an afternoon watching television and notice that all of the commercials have one common theme: an attractive athlete or actor endorsing a product.Why do advertisers hire attractive people to endorse their products?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have more experience persuading people in their daily lives. 
B)  They are less susceptible to others' attempts to persuade them. 
C)  They are seen as less credible than unattractive people. 
D)  They can increase the persuasiveness of a message through the peripheral route because we are more likely to like and trust them. 
A)  They have more experience persuading people in their daily lives. 
B)  They are less susceptible to others' attempts to persuade them. 
C)  They are seen as less credible than unattractive people. 
D)  They can increase the persuasiveness of a message through the peripheral route because we are more likely to like and trust them.

Question 16

Amir just saw a movie that he somewhat liked.According to the process of thought polarization,how is Amir likely to feel after he thinks more extensively about the film?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amir will question his initial attitude about the film. 
B)  Amir will feel indifferent about the film. 
C)  Amir will come to like the film even more. 
D)  Amir will come to dislike the film. 
A)  Amir will question his initial attitude about the film. 
B)  Amir will feel indifferent about the film. 
C)  Amir will come to like the film even more. 
D)  Amir will come to dislike the film.

Question 17

The sleeper effect occurs in situations in which messages from ________ sources shift attitudes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unreliable; immediately 
B)  reliable; immediately 
C)  unreliable; after a delay 
D)  reliable; after a delay 
A)  unreliable; immediately 
B)  reliable; immediately 
C)  unreliable; after a delay 
D)  reliable; after a delay

Question 18

If you want to ________,you should rely on attitude inoculation.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the effect of emotion on persuasion 
B)  decrease selective attention 
C)  increase your resistance to attitude change 
D)  polarize your beliefs 
A)  increase the effect of emotion on persuasion 
B)  decrease selective attention 
C)  increase your resistance to attitude change 
D)  polarize your beliefs

Question 19

Recall that Hamill and colleagues (1980)conducted a study on factors that influence attitudes.The researchers first assessed each participant's attitude toward welfare.In one condition,participants read a vivid story about a woman who exploited the welfare system and "lived like a queen" at taxpayers' expense.In another condition,participants were given statistical information about welfare that suggested that the "welfare queen" example was atypical.In a third condition,participants were given both types of information (i.e.,the story and the statistical information).Finally,each participant's attitude toward welfare was measured a second time.The results showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the participants' attitudes were not influenced by any of the conditions. 
B)  the participants were equally likely to change their attitudes in response to the story and the statistics. 
C)  the participants were more likely to change their attitudes in response to the story. 
D)  the participants were more likely to change their attitudes in response to the statistics. 
A)  the participants' attitudes were not influenced by any of the conditions. 
B)  the participants were equally likely to change their attitudes in response to the story and the statistics. 
C)  the participants were more likely to change their attitudes in response to the story. 
D)  the participants were more likely to change their attitudes in response to the statistics.

Question 20

Bernard views himself as a Democrat.He is watching a television broadcast of a debate between two congressmen,a Republican and a Democrat.His roommate starts to vacuum the apartment.Bernard asks his roommate to shut off the vacuum only when the Democrat is speaking.This scenario illustrates ________ in action.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral processing 
B)  attitude inoculation 
C)  attentional bias 
D)  attitude reactance 
A)  peripheral processing 
B)  attitude inoculation 
C)  attentional bias 
D)  attitude reactance

Which of the following statements about the effects of subliminal stimuli is most accurate?

Describe a real or imagined situation in which public commitments increase resistance to persuasion,and explain why public commitments have this effect.

Shared attention refers to a phenomenon whereby

Name two factors that make it challenging for researchers to accurately measure the effect that media has on our attitudes.Explain why these factors present a challenge to the research.

Define the concept of embodiment and give one example of how it can influence persuasion.

Recall that Carl Hovland and his colleagues broke down persuasive messages into three components.Which of the following questions emphasizes the component called source characteristics?

Describe two source characteristics that increase a person's ability to persuade others,giving an example of each.Then discuss why these characteristics affect persuasion.

Which of the following message recipients does NOT display a characteristic that is known to impact the susceptibility to persuasion?

Which of the following advertising strategies BEST illustrates an attempt to persuade people through the central route?

Samantha wants to persuade her roommate Larissa to allow her to get a dog.Samantha's arguments for wanting the dog are not very strong,but they are uplifting.According to research on mood and persuasion,when should Samantha approach Larissa if she wants the best chance of persuading her roommate?

Imagine you spend an afternoon watching television and notice that all of the commercials have one common theme: an attractive athlete or actor endorsing a product.Why do advertisers hire attractive people to endorse their products?

Amir just saw a movie that he somewhat liked.According to the process of thought polarization,how is Amir likely to feel after he thinks more extensively about the film?

The sleeper effect occurs in situations in which messages from sources shift attitudes .

If you want to ________,you should rely on attitude inoculation.

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health

Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio

Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 8: Persuasion

Which of the following statements about the effects of subliminal stimuli is most accurate?

Describe a real or imagined situation in which public commitments increase resistance to persuasion,and explain why public commitments have this effect.

Shared attention refers to a phenomenon whereby

Name two factors that make it challenging for researchers to accurately measure the effect that media has on our attitudes.Explain why these factors present a challenge to the research.

Define the concept of embodiment and give one example of how it can influence persuasion.

Recall that Carl Hovland and his colleagues broke down persuasive messages into three components.Which of the following questions emphasizes the component called source characteristics?

Describe two source characteristics that increase a person's ability to persuade others,giving an example of each.Then discuss why these characteristics affect persuasion.

Which of the following message recipients does NOT display a characteristic that is known to impact the susceptibility to persuasion?

Which of the following advertising strategies BEST illustrates an attempt to persuade people through the central route?

Samantha wants to persuade her roommate Larissa to allow her to get a dog.Samantha's arguments for wanting the dog are not very strong,but they are uplifting.According to research on mood and persuasion,when should Samantha approach Larissa if she wants the best chance of persuading her roommate?

Imagine you spend an afternoon watching television and notice that all of the commercials have one common theme: an attractive athlete or actor endorsing a product.Why do advertisers hire attractive people to endorse their products?

Amir just saw a movie that he somewhat liked.According to the process of thought polarization,how is Amir likely to feel after he thinks more extensively about the film?

The sleeper effect occurs in situations in which messages from ________ sources shift attitudes ________.

If you want to ________,you should rely on attitude inoculation.

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health

Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio

Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law

Filters

The sleeper effect occurs in situations in which messages from sources shift attitudes .