Question 1

Which of the following is a challenge for understanding how media shapes our attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers rely on surveys and people are rarely interested in completing surveys about media. 
B)  Researchers rely on people's self-reports of what media they have watched, which could be inaccurate. 
C)  The studies often have poor internal validity. 
D)  Researchers rely on measures that are difficult for people to understand. 
A)  Researchers rely on surveys and people are rarely interested in completing surveys about media. 
B)  Researchers rely on people's self-reports of what media they have watched, which could be inaccurate. 
C)  The studies often have poor internal validity. 
D)  Researchers rely on measures that are difficult for people to understand.

Question 2

Consider the following quote from the writings of Joseph Stalin: "The death of a single Russian soldier is a tragedy.The death of a million soldiers is a statistic." This quote illustrates the idea behind the ________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  vivid image 
B)  abstract statistic 
C)  "Baby Jessica" 
D)  identifiable victim 
A)  vivid image 
B)  abstract statistic 
C)  "Baby Jessica" 
D)  identifiable victim

Question 3

Juan is a member of his university's debate team.When a friend felt ill at a competition,Juan offered to take her place even though he had very little time to study her arguments in favor of adding a particular fish to the endangered species list.Which of the following is an example of how metacognitions can affect persuasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Juan was not very confident in his memory of the prepared arguments and, as a result, the judges rated his arguments as not very persuasive. 
B)  Juan was in a negative mood while debating and, as a result, felt strongly that the fish deserved to be on the endangered species list. 
C)  Juan was in a negative mood while debating and received a low score from the judge. 
D)  Juan felt unsure that he accurately remembered the prepared arguments and, as a result, felt strongly that the fish should not be put on the endangered species list. 
A)  Juan was not very confident in his memory of the prepared arguments and, as a result, the judges rated his arguments as not very persuasive. 
B)  Juan was in a negative mood while debating and, as a result, felt strongly that the fish deserved to be on the endangered species list. 
C)  Juan was in a negative mood while debating and received a low score from the judge. 
D)  Juan felt unsure that he accurately remembered the prepared arguments and, as a result, felt strongly that the fish should not be put on the endangered species list.

Question 4

George Gerbner and his colleagues (1986)studied whether the media (e.g.,prime-time television programming)shape a person's conception of social reality.They found that people who watched a lot of television

Accepted Answer

A)  underestimated the proportion of U.S. citizens who have high-paying jobs. 
B)  were less likely to exhibit the third-person effect. 
C)  overestimated the prevalence of criminal activity. 
D)  had fewer opinions about how people are employed or how often crimes occur. 
A)  underestimated the proportion of U.S. citizens who have high-paying jobs. 
B)  were less likely to exhibit the third-person effect. 
C)  overestimated the prevalence of criminal activity. 
D)  had fewer opinions about how people are employed or how often crimes occur.

Question 5

As you drive in to school,you hear a random radio-show caller arguing that sun exposure really has not been proven to cause skin cancer and that some research suggests that skin cancer is completely genetic and not related to sun exposure at all.At the time,you think that this is a silly argument and that the caller does not know what she is talking about.However,two months later,you go outside without wearing sunscreen and you find yourself remembering that you had read something about how the sun actually does not cause skin cancer.In this situation,________ has influenced your attitude.

Accepted Answer

A)  the peripheral route to persuasion 
B)  the sleeper effect 
C)  self-validation 
D)  thought polarization 
A)  the peripheral route to persuasion 
B)  the sleeper effect 
C)  self-validation 
D)  thought polarization

Question 6

In one study,participants were asked to recall a previous time in their lives when they felt confident.These participants were subsequently more persuaded by a persuasive message arguing for a new campus policy than participants who were asked to recall a previous time during which they felt doubt.How might metacognition help to explain this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants asked to recall a confident memory engaged in less metacognition than those asked to recall feeling doubt. 
B)  Participants asked to recall a confident memory engaged in more metacognition than those asked to recall feeling doubt. 
C)  Participants asked to recall a confident memory continued to feel confident while reading about the new campus policy. They then inferred that they were confident that the new policy was a bad idea 
D)  Participants asked to recall a confident memory continued to feel confident while reading about the new campus policy. They then inferred that they felt confident about the campus policy. 
A)  Participants asked to recall a confident memory engaged in less metacognition than those asked to recall feeling doubt. 
B)  Participants asked to recall a confident memory engaged in more metacognition than those asked to recall feeling doubt. 
C)  Participants asked to recall a confident memory continued to feel confident while reading about the new campus policy. They then inferred that they were confident that the new policy was a bad idea 
D)  Participants asked to recall a confident memory continued to feel confident while reading about the new campus policy. They then inferred that they felt confident about the campus policy.

Question 7

People's attention tends to be drawn to

Accepted Answer

A)  information that supports their original attitudes. 
B)  information that refutes their original attitudes. 
C)  simple arguments. 
D)  complex arguments. 
A)  information that supports their original attitudes. 
B)  information that refutes their original attitudes. 
C)  simple arguments. 
D)  complex arguments.

Question 8

Joanna does not think carefully and deliberately about what a politician says during a debate.Instead,she attends to the politician's winning smile and boyish good looks.Joanna is attending to the ________ route to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral 
B)  central 
C)  systematic 
D)  surface 
A)  peripheral 
B)  central 
C)  systematic 
D)  surface

Question 9

Some residents in your town want to build a new elementary school,but others do not.You are leaning toward the pro-school camp.One day,you receive a flyer from the pro-school camp that warns you that the anti-school camp is going to hold a demonstration at a local park.The flyer briefly summarizes how the anti-school camp will attack the pro-school position.Further,the flyer asks you to think about how you can refute the attack before the demonstration occurs.The pro-school camp's strategy is an example of ________,and it should ________ your resistance to stronger,more detailed attacks if you end up attending the demonstration.

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude inoculation; decrease 
B)  attitude inoculation; increase 
C)  thought polarization; increase 
D)  thought polarization; decrease 
A)  attitude inoculation; decrease 
B)  attitude inoculation; increase 
C)  thought polarization; increase 
D)  thought polarization; decrease

Question 10

Andy,an advertising executive,wants to use subliminal advertising to encourage people to buy his product.What effect will the use of subliminal advertising likely have on product sales?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sales will double. 
B)  Sales will not be affected. 
C)  Sales will drop by a third. 
D)  Sales will triple. 
A)  Sales will double. 
B)  Sales will not be affected. 
C)  Sales will drop by a third. 
D)  Sales will triple.

Question 11

Pablo wants to persuade his coworkers to adopt his product plan and has many high-quality arguments detailing why his plan is sound.Which of the following should NOT be an attribute of his persuasive message?

Accepted Answer

A)  referring to desirable consequences of acting on the message 
B)  appealing to core values held by his coworkers 
C)  using complex scientific language and jargon 
D)  counterarguing against the opposition 
A)  referring to desirable consequences of acting on the message 
B)  appealing to core values held by his coworkers 
C)  using complex scientific language and jargon 
D)  counterarguing against the opposition

Question 12

Under what circumstances are efforts to frighten people most likely to prompt more healthful behaviors,and under what circumstances are they less likely to be effective? Give an example of a campaign that effectively uses fear tactics.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that fear tactics can

Question 13

Who is most likely to be influenced by peripheral cues when processing a televised message from an antilittering campaign?

Accepted Answer

A)  Doug, who is distracted by a conversation he is having with his roommate 
B)  Sam, who is passionate about environmental issues 
C)  Linda, whose best friend works for the antilittering campaign 
D)  Josh, who is paying careful attention to the message 
A)  Doug, who is distracted by a conversation he is having with his roommate 
B)  Sam, who is passionate about environmental issues 
C)  Linda, whose best friend works for the antilittering campaign 
D)  Josh, who is paying careful attention to the message

Question 14

Explain the principle of attitude inoculation,and give an example of how you could use it to increase resistance to the persuasive attempts you might face in everyday life.

Accepted Answer

Attitude inoculation is a process that h

Question 15

Explain the phenomenon of agenda control.How is the amount of television a person watches each day relevant to the concept of agenda control?

Accepted Answer

Agenda control refers to efforts of the

Question 16

According to the ________ model,some types of persuasive appeals will be more effective when the target audience is unmotivated and thinking mindlessly,while other types of persuasive appeals will be more effective when the target audience is alert and attentive.

Accepted Answer

A)  election likeability 
B)  persuasive likeability 
C)  elaboration likelihood 
D)  attention likelihood 
A)  election likeability 
B)  persuasive likeability 
C)  elaboration likelihood 
D)  attention likelihood

Question 17

Compared to people with no prior knowledge,people with prior knowledge of a subject are ________ to scrutinize messages about that subject and are ________ to change their attitudes about that subject.

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely; less likely 
B)  less likely; more likely 
C)  more likely; more likely 
D)  more likely; less likely 
A)  less likely; less likely 
B)  less likely; more likely 
C)  more likely; more likely 
D)  more likely; less likely

Question 18

Distinguish between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion.Then describe the conditions under which people are more likely to take one route over the other.

Accepted Answer

According to the elaboration-likelihood

Question 19

The process by which small attacks on our beliefs help counteract larger attacks on our beliefs is called

Accepted Answer

A)  thought forewarning. 
B)  thought polarization. 
C)  attitude habituation. 
D)  attitude inoculation. 
A)  thought forewarning. 
B)  thought polarization. 
C)  attitude habituation. 
D)  attitude inoculation.

Question 20

Suppose you are asked to design an antismoking pamphlet.You decide to put a frightening photograph of a lung-cancer victim on the cover.According to the 1967 study by Leventhal and colleagues,your message will be more likely to be effective if you also provide

Accepted Answer

A)  examples of famous people who died of cancer. 
B)  suggestions for how to quit smoking. 
C)  illness and mortality statistics. 
D)  testimonials about how easy it is to quit smoking. 
A)  examples of famous people who died of cancer. 
B)  suggestions for how to quit smoking. 
C)  illness and mortality statistics. 
D)  testimonials about how easy it is to quit smoking.

Which of the following is a challenge for understanding how media shapes our attitudes?

Consider the following quote from the writings of Joseph Stalin: "The death of a single Russian soldier is a tragedy.The death of a million soldiers is a statistic." This quote illustrates the idea behind the ________ effect.

George Gerbner and his colleagues (1986)studied whether the media (e.g.,prime-time television programming)shape a person's conception of social reality.They found that people who watched a lot of television

People's attention tends to be drawn to

Joanna does not think carefully and deliberately about what a politician says during a debate.Instead,she attends to the politician's winning smile and boyish good looks.Joanna is attending to the ________ route to persuasion.

Andy,an advertising executive,wants to use subliminal advertising to encourage people to buy his product.What effect will the use of subliminal advertising likely have on product sales?

Pablo wants to persuade his coworkers to adopt his product plan and has many high-quality arguments detailing why his plan is sound.Which of the following should NOT be an attribute of his persuasive message?

Under what circumstances are efforts to frighten people most likely to prompt more healthful behaviors,and under what circumstances are they less likely to be effective? Give an example of a campaign that effectively uses fear tactics.

Who is most likely to be influenced by peripheral cues when processing a televised message from an antilittering campaign?

Explain the principle of attitude inoculation,and give an example of how you could use it to increase resistance to the persuasive attempts you might face in everyday life.

Explain the phenomenon of agenda control.How is the amount of television a person watches each day relevant to the concept of agenda control?

According to the ________ model,some types of persuasive appeals will be more effective when the target audience is unmotivated and thinking mindlessly,while other types of persuasive appeals will be more effective when the target audience is alert and attentive.

Compared to people with no prior knowledge,people with prior knowledge of a subject are to scrutinize messages about that subject and are to change their attitudes about that subject.

Distinguish between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion.Then describe the conditions under which people are more likely to take one route over the other.

The process by which small attacks on our beliefs help counteract larger attacks on our beliefs is called

Suppose you are asked to design an antismoking pamphlet.You decide to put a frightening photograph of a lung-cancer victim on the cover.According to the 1967 study by Leventhal and colleagues,your message will be more likely to be effective if you also provide

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health

Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio

Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law

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Exam 8: Persuasion

Which of the following is a challenge for understanding how media shapes our attitudes?

Consider the following quote from the writings of Joseph Stalin: "The death of a single Russian soldier is a tragedy.The death of a million soldiers is a statistic." This quote illustrates the idea behind the ________ effect.

George Gerbner and his colleagues (1986)studied whether the media (e.g.,prime-time television programming)shape a person's conception of social reality.They found that people who watched a lot of television

People's attention tends to be drawn to

Joanna does not think carefully and deliberately about what a politician says during a debate.Instead,she attends to the politician's winning smile and boyish good looks.Joanna is attending to the ________ route to persuasion.

Andy,an advertising executive,wants to use subliminal advertising to encourage people to buy his product.What effect will the use of subliminal advertising likely have on product sales?

Pablo wants to persuade his coworkers to adopt his product plan and has many high-quality arguments detailing why his plan is sound.Which of the following should NOT be an attribute of his persuasive message?

Under what circumstances are efforts to frighten people most likely to prompt more healthful behaviors,and under what circumstances are they less likely to be effective? Give an example of a campaign that effectively uses fear tactics.

Who is most likely to be influenced by peripheral cues when processing a televised message from an antilittering campaign?

Explain the principle of attitude inoculation,and give an example of how you could use it to increase resistance to the persuasive attempts you might face in everyday life.

Explain the phenomenon of agenda control.How is the amount of television a person watches each day relevant to the concept of agenda control?

According to the ________ model,some types of persuasive appeals will be more effective when the target audience is unmotivated and thinking mindlessly,while other types of persuasive appeals will be more effective when the target audience is alert and attentive.

Compared to people with no prior knowledge,people with prior knowledge of a subject are ________ to scrutinize messages about that subject and are ________ to change their attitudes about that subject.

Distinguish between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion.Then describe the conditions under which people are more likely to take one route over the other.

The process by which small attacks on our beliefs help counteract larger attacks on our beliefs is called

Suppose you are asked to design an antismoking pamphlet.You decide to put a frightening photograph of a lung-cancer victim on the cover.According to the 1967 study by Leventhal and colleagues,your message will be more likely to be effective if you also provide

An Invitation to Social Psychology

The Methods of Social Psychology

The Social Self

Social Cognition: Thinking About

Social Attribution: Explaining Behavior

Emotion

Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Social Influence

Relationships and Attraction

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Groups

Aggression

Altruism and Cooperation

Application Module 1 : Social Psychology and Health

Application Module 2 : Social Psychology and Educatio

Application Module 3 :social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Compared to people with no prior knowledge,people with prior knowledge of a subject are to scrutinize messages about that subject and are to change their attitudes about that subject.