Exam 4: Social Cognition: Thinking About

People sometimes work together on a project and later decide who should get the most credit.According to research by Ross and colleagues (1979),this decision often entails ________ one's own contributions to joint projects.Moreover,this tendency arises from ________.

Jim watched a videotape of a woman talking about her life.Throughout the tape,the woman said many things that are stereotypical of a professor.She also said many things that are stereotypical of an engineer.Before watching the video,Jim was told that the woman was employed as an engineer.According to schema research,Jim will probably remember

Construal level theory predicts that we think about events distant in time or space in ________ terms,and that we think about events nearer in time or space in ________ terms.

In one study,elementary school teachers were told that aptitude tests indicated that certain students would "bloom" intellectually in the coming year,though in reality these students' names were chosen randomly.At the end of the year,the selected students indeed performed better on aptitude tests compared to other students.This phenomenon is called ________ and is likely driven by ________.

________ and ________ are similar in that both derive from the ease of thinking about a target.

________ is the feeling of ease (or difficulty)associated with processing information.

Which of the following is the best example of a positively framed statement?

________ is the study of how people think about the social world and arrive at judgments that help them interpret the past,understand the present,and predict the future.

Top-down processing is most useful

In 1992,Ross Perot asked voters,"Should the president have the line-item veto to eliminate waste?" Ninety-seven percent said yes.When the question was asked in more neutral terms ("Should the president have the line-item veto or not?")only 57 percent agreed.This example best illustrates

Explain illusory correlation and show how the availability and representativeness heuristics are relevant to this phenomenon.

The textbook describes a study in which one group of participants was asked to determine whether working out a day before a tennis match made the player more likely to win,and another group of participants was asked to determine whether working out a day before a tennis match made a player more likely to lose.Consistent with the confirmation bias,participants in the group examining a connection between working out and winning were most likely to search for information about how many players________ and then ________ their matches.

Barbara mostly chooses to watch news programs that support her political beliefs while avoiding news programs that may disagree with her views.This is an example of the

Which of the following is true of schemas?

People rely on the ________ heuristic when they judge the frequency or probability of some event by the readiness with which similar events come to mind.

According to the textbook,all the following factors can decrease the accuracy of secondhand information EXCEPT

According to construal level theory,if you are imagining working on your thesis in graduate school in several years,you are most likely to be thinking about

When judgments or decisions are influenced by the way in which information is presented,this is called a

Imagine you are part of a marketing team designing an ad campaign for an expensive new sneaker.Define spin framing and then design an ad for the sneaker using this approach.

Kahneman and Tversky (1973)found that a majority of participants mistakenly believed there were more words in the English language that start with the letter r than words that have r in the third position.These results demonstrate the functioning of