Exam 7: Attitudes, Behavior, and Rationalization

Min,a student from China,is good friends with Tanja,a student from Germany.According to research on cognitive dissonance,when is Min more likely to experience dissonance than Tanja?

Self-perception processes are most likely to occur when prior attitudes are

Bradley narrowly escapes a head-on collision while driving home.Once he arrives home,he turns on the television and sees a political ad for the challenger in the local mayoral race,which focuses on how the challenger will change city policies if elected.According to research on terror management,how will he evaluate this ad?

Attitudes do a good job predicting behavior when

Cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory differ in that self-perception theory emphasizes that ________ influence(s)our attitudes.

According to research on cognitive dissonance theory,if parents want to use punishment to stop their child's bad behavior,which type of punishment would be the most effective to use?

Mark cannot decide which video game to purchase.After thinking it over,he buys the latest fighting game rather than a soccer game he liked just as much.As he leaves the store,he feels an uncomfortable tension.In order to resolve this tension,Mark must engage in

Challenge the assumption that the experience of cognitive dissonance emerges in similar ways across cultures.

George listens to music while studying for his biology test.While he studies,he nods his head in time to the music.Over time,George realizes he likes biology a lot more than he initially did.Why is this?

Let's say a company that makes a consumer product such as laundry detergent asks customers to write a testimonial about the product in exchange for a small chance of winning a small prize.What does cognitive dissonance theory predict will happen to consumers who participate and write the testimonial?

According to research by Wilson and colleagues (1984),why might introspecting about the reasons for an attitude decrease the association between the attitude and behavior?

________ theory states that people deal with their anxiety over the inevitability of their own death by striving for symbolic immortality.This immortality is achieved through preserving valued cultural worldviews and believing they have lived up to the culture's standards.

The ________ effect describes the situation in which we devalue activities we perform,even if they are pleasing,in order to get an external payoff.

For obvious reasons,department store managers strongly disapprove of shoplifters.However,some stores allow shoplifters to leave with merchandise! These stores do not want to create a scene that will disturb good patrons.This scenario illustrates the social psychological finding that

Recall that in one study (Festinger and Carlsmith,1959),the experimenter showed children a set of five toys and asked them how much they liked each one.Then the experimenter told each child that he or she was free to play with any of the toys except for the child's second favorite toy.In the "mild threat" condition,children were told that the experimenter would be "annoyed" if they played with the forbidden toy.In the "severe threat" condition,children were told that the experimenter would be "very angry" if they played with the forbidden toy,and that the child would never see any of the toys ever again.The experimenter then left the room,and each child was covertly observed.Later on,the experimenter asked each child to reevaluate the toys.Consistent with cognitive dissonance theory,the results showed that children in the

Researchers should make use of ________ when assessing attitudes that people may be unwilling or unable to report.

After doing poorly on his biology exam,Jim reminds himself that he is a good artist and a loving boyfriend.Thus,Jim is using ________ to cope with a potential threat to his self-esteem.

Kitayama and colleagues (2004)conducted an investigation comparing cognitive dissonance across Japanese and Canadian participants.All participants were asked to rank CDs.Participants in one condition were asked to choose one CD to keep among their middle two rankings,while participants in another condition were given a CD without any choice.While completing these study procedures one group of participants was exposed to a poster with faces,designed to prime the concept of other people.The results showed that the poster manipulation ________ cognitive dissonance for ________ participants.

When researchers use a Likert scale to assess participants' attitudes,they

Describe the conditions under which attitude-behavior inconsistency is most likely to produce dissonance.