Exam 8: Cognitive Views of Learning

Traditional views of concept learning suggest that we recognize examples of a concept by

A jogger is startled by the feeling of a moving object on his right side.It could have been a ferocious dog,but it turns out to be a newspaper page blown by the wind.What memory component was most directly involved?

What you are thinking about right now is being held in what type of memory?

Long-term memory holds information that is currently activated.

Which one of the following statements is consistent with the cognitive approach to learning?

Ramona and Ann were walking home from school when they heard the screeching of brakes and the blare of a horn.Then,just 30 feet in front of them,they saw the crash of a white car and a blue pickup truck.The next day the children were excitedly telling their friends about what they saw."That white car was traveling real fast and swerving from side to side," Ramona said."I don't remember that," corrected Ann."It seemed to me that the truck didn't stop fast enough at the stop sign." "What stop sign?" asked Ramona."It was on the other street-the white car's side.Don't you remember?" said Ann.The discussion continued this way for the next five minutes,until the audience of increasingly impatient listeners dwindled down to one faithful friend.Ramona and Ann weren't trying to argue,but they couldn't seem to agree on anything. -What is the role of schemas in influencing the children's recollections?

Ramona and Ann were walking home from school when they heard the screeching of brakes and the blare of a horn.Then,just 30 feet in front of them,they saw the crash of a white car and a blue pickup truck.The next day the children were excitedly telling their friends about what they saw."That white car was traveling real fast and swerving from side to side," Ramona said."I don't remember that," corrected Ann."It seemed to me that the truck didn't stop fast enough at the stop sign." "What stop sign?" asked Ramona."It was on the other street-the white car's side.Don't you remember?" said Ann.The discussion continued this way for the next five minutes,until the audience of increasingly impatient listeners dwindled down to one faithful friend.Ramona and Ann weren't trying to argue,but they couldn't seem to agree on anything. -Discuss how the following memory systems would be involved in perceiving and remembering the accident: sensory,working,long-term.

It appears that the capacity of long-term memory is unlimited.

Ramona and Ann were walking home from school when they heard the screeching of brakes and the blare of a horn.Then,just 30 feet in front of them,they saw the crash of a white car and a blue pickup truck.The next day the children were excitedly telling their friends about what they saw."That white car was traveling real fast and swerving from side to side," Ramona said."I don't remember that," corrected Ann."It seemed to me that the truck didn't stop fast enough at the stop sign." "What stop sign?" asked Ramona."It was on the other street-the white car's side.Don't you remember?" said Ann.The discussion continued this way for the next five minutes,until the audience of increasingly impatient listeners dwindled down to one faithful friend.Ramona and Ann weren't trying to argue,but they couldn't seem to agree on anything. -Discuss the children's disagreements in terms of reconstructive memory.Is the variance in their recollections likely to increase or decrease over time? Explain.

Discuss contemporary views about how concepts are learned and the implication of those views for teaching.

Stacey is trying to learn the abbreviations and names for the chemical elements,such as Au (gold).He connects the Au with a mental picture of Auric Goldfinger,the villain in a James Bond novel.This is an example of using what learning strategy?

Most adult Americans have a(n)__________memory of the terrorist acts on September 11,2001 in the United States.

Bill is having considerable difficulty remembering names,terms,and facts in his American History class.On the last exam,he identified General Sherman as a Vietnam War hero,and Saigon as the capitol of Japan.Historical dates are so confusing to him that he does not even try to remember them.The result is that,although he typically does satisfactorily on essay questions (he purposely leaves out any names that he is uncertain about and always omits dates),his scores are extremely low on objective items such as multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank items.Given this scenario,answer the following items: -With what type of knowledge is Bill having difficulty?

Forgetting due to the serial-position effect can be reduced through the use of

The resources required to process stimuli irrelevant to the task is called _______________.

Items can typically be stored in working memory for approximately how long?

One of the concerns about massed practice is that students can experience cognitive overload.

Maria has excellent study habits.She seems to know just what to review and how long to spend on each part of every course.Maria is applying what type of knowledge?

When we intentionally try to learn something new,we are involving what type of long-term memory?

The greater difficulty of remembering items in the middle of a list,compared to beginning or ending items,is referred to as the ________ effect.