Exam 8: Sex and Gender

The _____ is a type of chimpanzee that also lives in central Africa; unlike other mammals that show sexual activity only during a few days of the female's cycle, the females of this species are almost continuously sexually active.

_____ refers to the situation in which one male and one female live together, but each also engages in extra-pair couplings.

Gorillas are found in equatorial Africa, and the males are nearly twice as large as the females; they spend nearly half of each day feeding. Their social structure is best described as which of the following?

Male chimpanzees establish a _____ in which one male seeks to limit access to the females in his group; however, the females often mate with a number of males during estrus.

_____ is the general term used to describe the situation in which one member of one sex is paired with more than one member of the opposite sex.

In the 1970s, Geoff Parker suggested that if two or more males mate with the same female, their sperm could compete with one another to fertilize the egg; this process has been referred to as _____

Recent brain imaging research has shown that males produce greater activation of the _____ than females in response to viewing sexual stimuli, although both males and females showed similar responses in areas of the brain associated with reward, and both rated the material as equally arousing.

When there is direct fighting between males, as in the case of elephant seals, then it is obvious that the one who wins is more physically fit. What the advantage to the peahen of of choosing the peacock with the brightest tail?

_____ refers to the situation in which one male and female mate only with each other.

_____ is the situation in which one male and one female are paired more or less exclusively during the mating season.

Male chimpanzees, who share females with other males, have _____ testicles for their body size compared with male gorillas, who are assured of paternity.

According to the _____ hypothesis, sex might provide an advantage to organisms in that they could change faster than the parasites trying to adapt to them.

Describe the social and mating system of each of the following primates, all close relatives to humans: gibbons, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. In what ways is the human social and mating system similar and different from those of related species?

There are basically four types of mating systems: one male with one female (monogamy), one male with multiple females (polygyny), one female with multiple males (polyandry), and multiple males with multiple females (promiscuity). Using example species from the text, describe how these mating systems are employed.

In a study of gender differences in sexual predispositions, a research team raised newborn sheep with goat parents and newborn goats with sheep parents. They found that _____ preferred to mate with members of the adoptive species.

Discuss the various ways males compete with other males for mates, illustrating with examples from the text.

In addition to his theory of natural selection, Darwin also developed a theory of _____, which emphasized the manner in which organisms have evolved not only to survive but also to reproduce.

Gorillas typically move about using all four limbs in a style of locomotion known as _____.

Among northern elephant seals, the dominant male creates harems, which they protect from other males. This mating pattern is known as

In normal times, paramecia simply divide to reproduce; but when times are hard, one paramecium joins with another