Exam 11: Social Relations

The _____ hypothesis was developed in the 1980s to suggest that primates, including humans, differed from nonprimates principally in the complexity of their social skills; prior to this, it was generally assumed that human intellectual abilities were the result of the skills required for hunting and other tool use.

Compared with other species, such as the baboon, male chimpanzees are friendlier to each other and more apt to use _____ to maintain positions along the hierarchy.

The best strategy for playing the prisoner's dilemma game is _____; it is an extremely stable strategy once it is established and it is possible for it to be started even in noncooperative environments.

One of the most common games used for studying cooperation is known as the _____; it is assumed that playing this game a large number of times in the laboratory would model the situation humans evolved in over our evolutionary time.

Across nonhuman primate species, brain size is related to the size of the _____ each individual interacts with.

Trivers proposed that helping behavior among non-kin could be explained in terms of _____; the basic idea is that our own fitness, in an evolutionary sense, can be increased if we can expect those we help now to help us sometime in the future.

Many things we do as humans are done in the service of social _____; text messaging is one clear example of using technology to keep connected socially.

Trivers suggests that _____ is hiding truth from the conscious mind in order to hide subtle facial expressions that could give away the fact we are lying.

_____ processes are fast, largely automatic, and usually occur with little awareness; for example, we meet someone new and immediately have a feeling of whether we like that person or not.

Studies of chimpanzee communities have found that high-ranking females live longer, their infants survive better, and their daughters mature _____ than those of low-ranking females.

Using fMRI, it has been shown that the same areas of the brain that are active when we experience _____ are also active when we experience being socially excluded.

The discovery of mirror neurons helps explain how _____ learning can take place.

Although not discussed by Fiske, one implication of his way of thinking is that the evolution of _____ abilities in humans may have had its origin in different types of social relationships; this is evidenced by the fact that quality matching and market pricing relationships are only seen in humans.

In laboratory studies, it was found that chimpanzees, but not all other primates, will give an alarm call only when another chimp cannot see the predator, suggesting that chimps can understand the _____ of another chimp.

Someone stops you on campus and asks for directions, and you help out. This is an example of _____ altruism.

In the _____ game, one of two anonymous players is given a sum of money and the choice to give a portion to the other player; the other player receives double that amount and is given the choice to return some of the money to the first person.

Dunbar (2003) points out that at least five separate measures of social complexity have been shown to correlate with neocortex volume in primates. Which of the following is NOT one of those measures?

_____ scales utilize the property of identity and refer to categories; examples such as telephone numbers or diagnostic categories point to differences in kind but not degree.

Discuss how the prisoner's dilemma is used to study human cooperative behavior. What is the best strategy for the iterative version of the game, and why?

Through its connections to other areas, the _____ can influence memory, attention, and decision making; overall, these areas help us to know the emotional context of our perceptions and what we need to do about them.