Exam 14: Psychopathology

Jung described the manner in which each stage of life brings forth a particular pattern of functioning, which he called a(n) _____.

Feygin et al. (2006) suggest that OCD results from the exaggeration of normal traits, which can be mapped on a developmental trajectory. In particular, they discuss four developmental themes as a response to stress. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Murphy (1976) studied mental illness in two distinctly different cultures, the Inuit of Alaska and the Yoruba of Nigeria. She found that

Although there is no single definition of a psychopathological process, five key characteristics are generally agreed upon. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Theories of _____ suggest that a depressive mood protects the organism by conserving energy. According to these theories, clinical depression results when an individual does not move on to the next situation and instead continues in a situation in which there are few positive payoffs.

Natural function is what a particular process evolved to do; for example, the heart is designed to pump blood. Other processes, such as the sounds that the heart makes, are _____ of this purpose.

Many of the outward expressions of social anxiety in humans parallel what is seen in the _____ of primates, suggesting the disorder may have once had a function.

Discuss the five reasons why researchers believe sleep has been shaped by natural selection.

_____ symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre thoughts.

Hughlings Jackson believed that in mental disorders such as schizophrenia, the higher systems were no longer _____ the lower ones, resulting in illusions, hallucinations, and delusions, a process he called "dissolution of the nervous system."

Bowlby laid out in great detail the manner in which evolutionarily significant processes such as _____ could, in certain circumstances, lead to anxiety rather than comfort; if an emotional caregiver were not present or a close connection could not be established, then the result was distress.

Evidence suggests sleep serves several functions. Which of the following is NOT a generally accepted function of sleep?

Although there is no single definition of abnormal processes, five ideas have been critical in the conceptualization of psychopathology. Discuss each of these.

It has been noted that highly gifted and creative individuals manifest schizophrenic-like traits, referred to as _____ traits, without having the disorder.

Common forms of mental illness, such as schizophrenia, are found at similar rates the world around, suggesting that mental illness is not a concept created by a given _____ but rather is part of the human condition in both its recognition and its prevalence.

Three facts about schizophrenia suggest that it is a disorder that has always been part of the human experience. Which of the following is NOT one of those supporting facts?

Schizophrenia exhibits two types of symptoms. The lack of affect in situations that call for it, poor motivation, and social withdrawal are all examples of _____ symptoms, whereas visual or auditory hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre thoughts are all examples of _____ symptoms.

In MacLean's concept of the triune brain, the first component was involved in the regulation of basic systems such as temperature, breathing, and sleep, as well as fixed types of displays seen in relation to self-preservation and sexuality. This is a large part of the ____ in reptiles and birds.

A World Health Organization (WHO) study examined the presence of schizophrenia in a number of countries with very different racial and cultural configurations and found that the risk of developing the disorder

Theories of _____ relate depression to dominance hierarchies. For example, Price (1996) suggested that there is a connection between depressive mood and losing a fight for status and resources; from this viewpoint, depression is seen as an involuntary deescalating strategy that signals to the other individual that he has won.