Exam 14: Psychopathology

_____ is one of the most debilitating of mental disorders; it affects one's ability to express oneself clearly, to have social relationships, and to express and experience positive emotions. It affects about 1% of the population, and it is seen throughout the world with similar symptoms, regardless of culture or geographical location.

An important question for evolutionary psychologists is why schizophrenia _____, given that the disorder does not appear to have any reproductive advantage.

In Freudian theory, the experience of sexual and self-preservation instincts can come into conflict with the restrictive rules of society, leading to _____.

Discuss the historical perspective on psychopathology, including the thinking of Hughlings Jackson, MacLean, Freud, Jung, Bowlby and Panksepp.

According to Bowlby, a disruption of a relationship is experienced as a loss and results in withdrawal and depressed mood; this loss of _____ leads to depression, which protects the individual from further hurt until mental healing can take place.

One model of psychopathology views disorders as a breakdown of normal function. For example, Frith (1992) has suggested that the _____ of schizophrenics result from a breakdown in a mechanism that identifies whether an action was produced by the self or another.

_____ is characterized by repetitive thoughts and feelings, usually followed by repetitive behaviors; these often involve avoiding contamination, aggressive impulses, sexual content, somatic concerns, and the need for order.

The transition from reptiles to mammals included three important processes associated with the development of the limbic system. Which of the following was NOT one of them?

_____ include feeling anxious, tense, and fearful of being with others as well as being troubled and unable to sleep; traditionally this was referred to as neurosis.

You try hummus at a party, and 30 minutes later you get sick; after that, you feel revulsion every time you even see hummus. This type of one-trial learned taste aversion is exhibited in a wide range of species, and is known as the _____ effect.

What are personality disorders? What is the evolutionary perspective on these disorders? Consider both reproductive strategies and the concept of "cheaters."

Disorders that have very similar end states--depression, for example--may have developed from distinctly different beginning conditions. Which of the following is NOT a typical beginning condition for depression?

Allen and Badcock (2003) suggest that a depressed state represents a risk management strategy in response to a situation that has a low probability of success and high probability of risk. Intrinsic to this way of thinking is the assumption that a depressed mood was _____ in our evolutionary history.

Individuals with _____ display problems in three areas: social functions, communications, and restrictions in behaviors and interests.

Genetic studies suggest that depression is

Discuss the six critical questions concerning psychopathology that relate to other evolutionary processes.

Underlying the mind/body dichotomy is the dualism of French philosopher _____, who described human beings as influenced by both physiological processes, such as the body, which could be measured scientifically, and mental processes, including the soul, which follow different laws.

It has been suggested that individuals with autism fail to develop a(n)

Researchers have offered several arguments supporting the hypothesis that sleep has been shaped by natural selection. Which of the following is NOT one of those arguments?

_____ reflect a rigid, manipulative approach to dealing with social relationships, two common types being psychopaths and hysterics; from an evolutionary perspective, these people clearly qualify as "cheaters."