Exam 10: Kin and Family Relationships

The _____ experienced by humans, with its extensive social relationships, means that humans may be the only species to live in multi-male and multi-female groups with complex coalitions and extensive parental care.

The naive view was that natural selection would always reward _____ behavior, and thus it was difficult to explain why an organism would engage in behaviors that had a cost, but Hamilton suggested that the situation was more complicated that this.

There is reason to believe that the need for human infant support extends beyond the parents and may have driven the involvement of _____ in infant care.

Based on Hamilton's kin selection theory, it is hypothesized that conflict will increase and cooperation decrease with _____ relatedness.

The equation c<rb is also known as _____ rule.

Although kinship systems vary somewhat from culture to culture, they all make certain key distinctions. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Because men can never be certain they are the father of their partner's children, they have evolved the ability to recognize _____ characteristics of an infant shared with the parent.

Unlike most species, most human infants receive care from

The _____ hypothesis suggests that menopause and the resulting end of producing offspring evolved as a means of increasing the survival odds of children related to an older woman. That is to say, if she can help take care of her daughter's children and increase the likelihood of their survival, this would be an advantage.

_____ kindred terminologies are universal; around the world, family relationships are described in relation to a particular individual. If you say "my mother," you are describing only one person in the world.

Female _____ bias suggests that more altruistic behaviors will be shown by the mother than by the father because it is easier to know exactly who the mother of an infant is than to know who the father is.

Friends or relatives who help a mother provide care for her offspring are called _____.

Different cultures in widely separated areas show similar systems of _____, which appear to be derived from three larger principles: genealogical distance, social rank, and group membership.

Explain the three principles on which kin classification is derived. Are these principles universal, and if so, how do they impact the Standard Social Science Model? In what sense is kin classification like language?

_____ states that a behavior will evolve if the cost to the individual is outweighed by the gain to another multiplied by the degree of genetic relationship.

A general finding in decision making research is that people are risk _____ when a problem is positively framed (as in how many lives will be saved), but they are risk _____ when a problem is negatively framed (as in how many lives will be lost).

One crucial factor that drives human _____ dynamics is the fact that the human is born less mature than other species and requires a long period of care for maturation; this makes an infant's family crucial in its well-being and survival.

The dimension of the characteristic closeness of kinship categories is always _____ correlated with the characteristic number of genealogical links defining them; in other words, the degree of genetic relationship parallels the expectation of closeness.

Mothers typically wean their children before the children want to be weaned. This is an example of

_____ relationships are the fundamental building blocks of kinship systems, so the terminology implies a genealogy. You say "my brother" to refer to another individual who was born from your mother.