Exam 1: What Is Psychology

An obscure neurologist in Vienna, Austria, came to the conclusion that his patients' symptoms had mental rather than physical causes. From this insight, his broad theory of personality evolved. The neurologist was:

________ is revered by psychologists because he was the first person to announce that he intended to make psychology a science.

Our authors note that the credibility of psychics received a blow when one psychic predicted that George Clooney would shortly marry and have a child. She was wrong.

The psychodynamic perspective is the thumb on the hand of psychology, connected to the other fingers, but also set apart from them because it differs radically in its language, methods, and standards of acceptable evidence.

Assumptions are beliefs that are taken for granted.

Psychology as a formal discipline originated:

"I want to believe that my memory of our family camping trip is true, but that doesn't mean that it is true." This example illustrates which of the following critical-thinking guidelines?

The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behaviour.

Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists do similar work but their training differs and they tend to focus on different causes of mental disorders. Contrast the training and approach to therapy of clinical psychologists and psychiatrists.

During the early decades of psychology's existence as a formal discipline, three schools of psychological thought became popular. The school of ________ remains alive today, despite passionate debate about whether it belongs in scientific psychology at all.

Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that anxiety is due to forbidden, unconscious desires.

Which modern psychological perspective has strongly encouraged precision and objectivity in psychology?

Guiding our behaviours on "gut feelings" is an important aspect of critical thinking.

Empirical findings are those that:

Match these job descriptions with the appropriate type of psychologist. -They conduct laboratory studies of learning, motivation, emotion, sensation and perception, physiology, and cognition.

Psychologists from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be caused by a chemical imbalance.

Psychologists from the cognitive perspective would be likely to agree that the symptoms of anxiety may be the result of a national emphasis on competition and success that promotes anxiety about failure.

Ralph sees an ad in the Yellow Pages for a psychiatrist and realizes that the therapist:

List eight guidelines for critical thinking.

Match these descriptions with the appropriate professional. -A person with a master's degree and one or two years of supervised experience who may treat general problems in adjustment and family conflicts.