Exam 1: What Is Psychology

Throughout psychology's history, various movements have emerged that do not fit neatly into any of the major perspectives. Name and briefly describe two of these influential movements in psychology.

A ________ psychologist is likely to remind us of the importance of the impact other people can have on our behaviour.

Andi claims that phrenology was a pseudoscience rather than a science. The best support for her opinion is the fact that the theory wasn't empirically testable because:

Match these descriptions with the appropriate professional. -A person who has undergone specialized training using Freud's methods and who has also undergone extensive analysis him- or herself.

Structuralists asked ________ when an organism does something, whereas functionalists asked ________.

Once a general question about human behaviour has been raised, the next step is to frame the question in clear and concrete terms.

A psychologist from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from violent role models that can influence a person to behave aggressively.

Which school of thought in psychology tried to identify the basic elements of sensations, images, and feelings?

One of functionalism's leaders was William James, an American philosopher, physician, and psychologist who argued that searching for building blocks of experience was a waste of time.

Hippocrates wrote that the brain is the ultimate source of human pleasures, joys, pains, and tears.

Amelia and Harold are arguing about the death penalty. "Look, I just feel strongly that it is barbaric, ineffective, and wrong," says Harold. "You're nuts," says Amelia. "I believe in an eye for an eye, and besides, I'm absolutely sure it is a deterrent to further crime." Which lapses of critical thinking might Amelia and Harold be committing?

Compared to "pop psych," psychology:

Alexandra and Holly both plan to become clinical psychologists although Alexandra is applying to graduate schools to pursue a PhD and Holly plans to earn a PsyD. What different experiences and requirements is each likely to encounter in earning her graduate degree?

Which school of thought in psychology tried to explain how specific behaviours and mental processes help a person adapt to the environment?

The brain is the ultimate source of our pleasures and joys as well as our sorrows and pains. According to the text, this knowledge was evident as early as:

Dr. Braun has been treating a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin. Given this information, it is most likely that Dr. Braun is a:

________ involved the analysis of the basic elements or building blocks of the mind.

The sociocultural perspective emphasizes the dynamics of the social and cultural forces that shape every aspect of human behaviour.

A psychologist doing ________ might ask, "How are people's memories influenced by suggestion?" A psychologist doing ________ might ask, "How reliable are the memories of eyewitnesses in a criminal trial?"

The humanist psychologists: