Question 1

At each trophic level,a portion of the energy originally captured by producers is lost as ________,typically released as a by-product of cellular respiration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At each trophic level,a portion of the...

Question 2

Which of the following series best represents the energy flow in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  sun → consumer → producer→ metabolic heat 
B)  consumer → producer → decomposer → sun 
C)  producer → consumer → decomposer → sun 
D)  sun → producer → consumer → metabolic heat 
A)  sun → consumer → producer→ metabolic heat 
B)  consumer → producer → decomposer → sun 
C)  producer → consumer → decomposer → sun 
D)  sun → producer → consumer → metabolic heat

Question 3

Match each term to its correct description below.
-Dominated by coniferous trees that grow in northern or high-altitude regions with cold,dry winters and mild summers,this biome also has nutrient-poor soils and therefore a relatively low plant diversity.Large herbivores such as elk and moose live alongside smaller carnivores like weasels,wolverines,and martens.Larger carnivores include lynx and wolves.

Accepted Answer

A) tropical forest 
B) chaparral 
C) boreal forest 
D) tundra 
E) desert
F)temperate deciduous forest
G)grassland 
A) tropical forest 
B) chaparral 
C) boreal forest 
D) tundra 
E) desert
F)temperate deciduous forest
G)grassland

Question 4

Match each term to its correct description below.
-Found at the poles and on mountaintops,the vegetation of this biome is dominated by low-growing flowering plants,and the rock landscape is covered in mosses and lichens.Rodents provide food for carnivores like foxes and wolves.The few large mammals include bears and musk oxen.

Accepted Answer

A) tropical forest 
B) chaparral 
C) boreal forest 
D) tundra 
E) desert
F)temperate deciduous forest
G)grassland 
A) tropical forest 
B) chaparral 
C) boreal forest 
D) tundra 
E) desert
F)temperate deciduous forest
G)grassland

Question 5

The figure below shows the net primary productivity (NPP)in marine biomes around the world with the darkest areas being the most productive.The pattern of NPP in marine ecosystems as shown suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  marine productivity is as sensitive to temperature as terrestrial productivity. 
B)  without shade from overhead vegetation, marine productivity typically exceeds that found in terrestrial ecosystems. 
C)  marine ecosystems are also limited by sunlight, with the highest productivity at the equator. 
D)  most marine productivity results from the input of terrestrially derived nutrients. 
A)  marine productivity is as sensitive to temperature as terrestrial productivity. 
B)  without shade from overhead vegetation, marine productivity typically exceeds that found in terrestrial ecosystems. 
C)  marine ecosystems are also limited by sunlight, with the highest productivity at the equator. 
D)  most marine productivity results from the input of terrestrially derived nutrients.

Question 6

What would happen to nutrient cycling in a forest ecosystem if all of the bacteria,protozoans,fungi,and worms were eliminated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dead plant and animal matter would accumulate more quickly than it is decomposed, and the soil would become depleted of nutrients. 
B)  Dead plant and animal matter would decay more rapidly than it is decomposed, and the soil would accumulate nutrients at a faster rate. 
C)  There would be no discernable change in the rate at which dead plants and animals decompose and no change in the rate of nutrient accumulation in the soil. 
D)  Dead plant and animal matter would accumulate more quickly than it is decomposed, and the soil would accumulate nutrients at a faster rate. 
A)  Dead plant and animal matter would accumulate more quickly than it is decomposed, and the soil would become depleted of nutrients. 
B)  Dead plant and animal matter would decay more rapidly than it is decomposed, and the soil would accumulate nutrients at a faster rate. 
C)  There would be no discernable change in the rate at which dead plants and animals decompose and no change in the rate of nutrient accumulation in the soil. 
D)  Dead plant and animal matter would accumulate more quickly than it is decomposed, and the soil would accumulate nutrients at a faster rate.

Question 7

As shown in the figure below,the net primary productivity (NPP)in terrestrial biomes around the world is greatest in areas near the Equator that also receive high amounts of yearly rainfall.This pattern of NPP in terrestrial ecosystems suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  terrestrial productivity is highly sensitive to temperature and available sunlight. 
B)  without shade from overhead vegetation, marine productivity typically exceeds that found in terrestrial ecosystems. 
C)  neither sunlight nor temperature limits terrestrial ecosystems. 
D)  most terrestrial productivity results from the input of marine-derived nutrients. 
A)  terrestrial productivity is highly sensitive to temperature and available sunlight. 
B)  without shade from overhead vegetation, marine productivity typically exceeds that found in terrestrial ecosystems. 
C)  neither sunlight nor temperature limits terrestrial ecosystems. 
D)  most terrestrial productivity results from the input of marine-derived nutrients.

Question 8

If there are 50 kcal of energy in the tertiary consumer trophic level,how many kcal would be expected in the primary consumer level?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  100 
C)  500 
D)  5,000 
A)  50 
B)  100 
C)  500 
D)  5,000

Question 9

Use examples to explain how an ecological community differs from an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

An ecological community is an associatio

Question 10

To best use Earth's net primary productivity to feed the most people,diets should be modified to include only ________,moving ________ the food chain and gathering the maximum amount of energy available from a given biomass of producers.

Accepted Answer

A)  meat; higher up 
B)  meat; lower down 
C)  plant material; lower down 
D)  plant material; higher up 
A)  meat; higher up 
B)  meat; lower down 
C)  plant material; lower down 
D)  plant material; higher up

Question 11

A tallgrass prairie or beech-maple woodland are examples of ecologists distinguishing an ecosystem according to the

Accepted Answer

A)  types of producers it contains; this, in turn, establishes the type of consumers that the ecosystem supports. 
B)  climate in which it is located. 
C)  type of consumers it contains; this, in turn, establishes the type of producers that the consumers support. 
D)  daily rainfall amounts; this does not affect the types of consumers or producers present in the ecosystem. 
A)  types of producers it contains; this, in turn, establishes the type of consumers that the ecosystem supports. 
B)  climate in which it is located. 
C)  type of consumers it contains; this, in turn, establishes the type of producers that the consumers support. 
D)  daily rainfall amounts; this does not affect the types of consumers or producers present in the ecosystem.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an easily testable hypothesis regarding net primary productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in temperature will likely result in an increase of net primary productivity (NPP) in some terrestrial ecosystems. 
B)  An increase in temperature will likely result in an increase of NPP in some marine ecosystems. 
C)  An increase in available sunlight will likely result in an increase of NPP in some marine and terrestrial ecosystems. 
D)  An increase of water in a marine ecosystem will likely result in tastier products of NPP. 
A)  An increase in temperature will likely result in an increase of net primary productivity (NPP) in some terrestrial ecosystems. 
B)  An increase in temperature will likely result in an increase of NPP in some marine ecosystems. 
C)  An increase in available sunlight will likely result in an increase of NPP in some marine and terrestrial ecosystems. 
D)  An increase of water in a marine ecosystem will likely result in tastier products of NPP.

Question 13

Producers capture energy from the ________ and transform it into fuel energy that passes up the food chain as one organism eats another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Producers capture energy from the ________ and...

Question 14

Explain how energy enters and progresses through a food chain.

Accepted Answer

Energy enters the food chain as light en

Question 15

Which of the following are examples of primary producers in a beech-maple woodland?

Accepted Answer

A)  mosses, grasses, beech trees, and maple trees 
B)  phytoplankton and seaweed 
C)  phytoplankton, reeds, and marsh grasses 
D)  squirrels, skinks, deer, and opossums 
A)  mosses, grasses, beech trees, and maple trees 
B)  phytoplankton and seaweed 
C)  phytoplankton, reeds, and marsh grasses 
D)  squirrels, skinks, deer, and opossums

Question 16

If a person needs to consume 100 kcal of energy and he chooses to do so by eating soybeans,at least how many kcal of soybeans would have to grow to provide that 100 kcal for the human?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 
B)  1,000 
C)  10,000 
D)  100,000 
A)  100 
B)  1,000 
C)  10,000 
D)  100,000

Question 17

In the absence of ________,nutrients would not move from the abiotic to the biotic portion of the nutrient cycle within an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary producers 
B)  herbivores 
C)  carnivores 
D)  omnivores 
A)  primary producers 
B)  herbivores 
C)  carnivores 
D)  omnivores

Question 18

Match each term to its correct description below.
-Nearly one-third of Earth's land surface is covered with this biome that does not retain heat because it lacks moisture.The plants have small leaves,like the spines on cacti,to minimize water loss.Most of the animals are nocturnal.

Accepted Answer

A) tropical forest 
B) chaparral 
C) boreal forest 
D) tundra 
E) desert
F)temperate deciduous forest
G)grassland 
A) tropical forest 
B) chaparral 
C) boreal forest 
D) tundra 
E) desert
F)temperate deciduous forest
G)grassland

Question 19

On average,what percentage of the energy from one trophic level of an energy pyramid is transferred to the next trophic level?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent 
B)  33 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  90 percent 
A)  10 percent 
B)  33 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  90 percent

Question 20

Which of the following statements about cycling within an ecosystem is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy is recycled within an ecosystem. 
B)  Carbon is recycled within an ecosystem. 
C)  The sedimentary nutrient cycle cycles nutrients very slowly. 
D)  Human activities affect nutrient cycling. 
A)  Energy is recycled within an ecosystem. 
B)  Carbon is recycled within an ecosystem. 
C)  The sedimentary nutrient cycle cycles nutrients very slowly. 
D)  Human activities affect nutrient cycling.

At each trophic level,a portion of the energy originally captured by producers is lost as ________,typically released as a by-product of cellular respiration.

Which of the following series best represents the energy flow in an ecosystem?

The figure below shows the net primary productivity (NPP)in marine biomes around the world with the darkest areas being the most productive.The pattern of NPP in marine ecosystems as shown suggests that

What would happen to nutrient cycling in a forest ecosystem if all of the bacteria,protozoans,fungi,and worms were eliminated?

As shown in the figure below,the net primary productivity (NPP)in terrestrial biomes around the world is greatest in areas near the Equator that also receive high amounts of yearly rainfall.This pattern of NPP in terrestrial ecosystems suggests that

If there are 50 kcal of energy in the tertiary consumer trophic level,how many kcal would be expected in the primary consumer level?

Use examples to explain how an ecological community differs from an ecosystem.

To best use Earth's net primary productivity to feed the most people,diets should be modified to include only ,moving the food chain and gathering the maximum amount of energy available from a given biomass of producers.

A tallgrass prairie or beech-maple woodland are examples of ecologists distinguishing an ecosystem according to the

Which of the following is NOT an easily testable hypothesis regarding net primary productivity?

Producers capture energy from the ________ and transform it into fuel energy that passes up the food chain as one organism eats another.

Explain how energy enters and progresses through a food chain.

Which of the following are examples of primary producers in a beech-maple woodland?

If a person needs to consume 100 kcal of energy and he chooses to do so by eating soybeans,at least how many kcal of soybeans would have to grow to provide that 100 kcal for the human?

In the absence of ________,nutrients would not move from the abiotic to the biotic portion of the nutrient cycle within an ecosystem.

Match each term to its correct description below. -Nearly one-third of Earth's land surface is covered with this biome that does not retain heat because it lacks moisture.The plants have small leaves,like the spines on cacti,to minimize water loss.Most of the animals are nocturnal.

On average,what percentage of the energy from one trophic level of an energy pyramid is transferred to the next trophic level?

Which of the following statements about cycling within an ecosystem is FALSE?

The Nature of Science

Evaluating Scientific Claims

Chemistry of Life

Life Is Cellular

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

What Genes Are

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

Adaptation and Species

The History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Plants, Fungi, and Protists

Animals and Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Filters

Exam 21: Ecosystems

At each trophic level,a portion of the energy originally captured by producers is lost as ________,typically released as a by-product of cellular respiration.

Which of the following series best represents the energy flow in an ecosystem?

The figure below shows the net primary productivity (NPP)in marine biomes around the world with the darkest areas being the most productive.The pattern of NPP in marine ecosystems as shown suggests that

What would happen to nutrient cycling in a forest ecosystem if all of the bacteria,protozoans,fungi,and worms were eliminated?

As shown in the figure below,the net primary productivity (NPP)in terrestrial biomes around the world is greatest in areas near the Equator that also receive high amounts of yearly rainfall.This pattern of NPP in terrestrial ecosystems suggests that

If there are 50 kcal of energy in the tertiary consumer trophic level,how many kcal would be expected in the primary consumer level?

Use examples to explain how an ecological community differs from an ecosystem.

To best use Earth's net primary productivity to feed the most people,diets should be modified to include only ________,moving ________ the food chain and gathering the maximum amount of energy available from a given biomass of producers.

A tallgrass prairie or beech-maple woodland are examples of ecologists distinguishing an ecosystem according to the

Which of the following is NOT an easily testable hypothesis regarding net primary productivity?

Producers capture energy from the ________ and transform it into fuel energy that passes up the food chain as one organism eats another.

Explain how energy enters and progresses through a food chain.

Which of the following are examples of primary producers in a beech-maple woodland?

If a person needs to consume 100 kcal of energy and he chooses to do so by eating soybeans,at least how many kcal of soybeans would have to grow to provide that 100 kcal for the human?

In the absence of ________,nutrients would not move from the abiotic to the biotic portion of the nutrient cycle within an ecosystem.

Match each term to its correct description below. -Nearly one-third of Earth's land surface is covered with this biome that does not retain heat because it lacks moisture.The plants have small leaves,like the spines on cacti,to minimize water loss.Most of the animals are nocturnal.

On average,what percentage of the energy from one trophic level of an energy pyramid is transferred to the next trophic level?

Which of the following statements about cycling within an ecosystem is FALSE?

The Nature of Science

Evaluating Scientific Claims

Chemistry of Life

Life Is Cellular

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

What Genes Are

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

Adaptation and Species

The History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Plants, Fungi, and Protists

Animals and Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Filters

To best use Earth's net primary productivity to feed the most people,diets should be modified to include only ,moving the food chain and gathering the maximum amount of energy available from a given biomass of producers.