Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a food web?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seeds are eaten by a sparrow, the sparrow is eaten by a hawk, and the hawk's eggs are eaten by a snake. 
B)  Seeds and grasses are eaten by various insects and small herbivores, the insects are eaten by a meadowlark, the small herbivores are eaten by a hawk, the meadowlark and hawk eggs are eaten by snakes, and the snakes are eaten by owls. 
C)  Goats eat grass; the goats are milked and eaten by humans. 
D)  Seeds are eaten by a tufted titmouse, the titmouse is eaten by a hawk, the hawk eggs are eaten by snakes, and the snakes are eaten by owls. 
A)  Seeds are eaten by a sparrow, the sparrow is eaten by a hawk, and the hawk's eggs are eaten by a snake. 
B)  Seeds and grasses are eaten by various insects and small herbivores, the insects are eaten by a meadowlark, the small herbivores are eaten by a hawk, the meadowlark and hawk eggs are eaten by snakes, and the snakes are eaten by owls. 
C)  Goats eat grass; the goats are milked and eaten by humans. 
D)  Seeds are eaten by a tufted titmouse, the titmouse is eaten by a hawk, the hawk eggs are eaten by snakes, and the snakes are eaten by owls.

Question 2

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary succession occurs after disturbances, such as forest fires. 
B)  Secondary succession only occurs after human intervention. 
C)  Primary succession tends to take a longer period of time than secondary succession. 
D)  It typically takes 25 years or less for a climax community to develop after a disturbance. 
A)  Primary succession occurs after disturbances, such as forest fires. 
B)  Secondary succession only occurs after human intervention. 
C)  Primary succession tends to take a longer period of time than secondary succession. 
D)  It typically takes 25 years or less for a climax community to develop after a disturbance.

Question 3

The ________ of a community has two components: the number of different species that live in the community and the relative abundances of those species.

Accepted Answer

diversity

Question 4

Antibiotic therapy sometimes reduces the population of gut-inhabiting microorganisms.Bloating and diarrhea often follow until the populations reestablish themselves.This observation suggests that these microorganisms participate in a(n)________ relationship with humans.

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive 
B)  exploitative 
C)  mutualistic 
D)  pathogenic 
A)  competitive 
B)  exploitative 
C)  mutualistic 
D)  pathogenic

Question 5

Can a human being be considered an ecological community?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes; for example, a community of microorganisms lives within the human digestive system. 
B)  Yes; human beings live with other humans, own pets, and grow domesticated crops. 
C)  No; a community is formed from many populations, and it takes more than one individual to make up a population. 
D)  No; human populations are artificial rather than natural and are considered to fall outside of ecology. 
A)  Yes; for example, a community of microorganisms lives within the human digestive system. 
B)  Yes; human beings live with other humans, own pets, and grow domesticated crops. 
C)  No; a community is formed from many populations, and it takes more than one individual to make up a population. 
D)  No; human populations are artificial rather than natural and are considered to fall outside of ecology.

Question 6

If a disease quickly spreads through a desert and kills moths that are the sole pollinators of long-lived yucca plants,the most likely outcome would be that

Accepted Answer

A)  another pollinator would quickly take over and begin to pollinate the yucca plants. 
B)  the yucca plants would self-pollinate. 
C)  the yucca plants would die the season after the last yucca moth died. 
D)  the yucca plants would not be pollinated and would eventually go extinct. 
A)  another pollinator would quickly take over and begin to pollinate the yucca plants. 
B)  the yucca plants would self-pollinate. 
C)  the yucca plants would die the season after the last yucca moth died. 
D)  the yucca plants would not be pollinated and would eventually go extinct.

Question 7

The photograph shown below depicts two brightly colored butterfly species,the monarch on the right and its mimic,the viceroy,on the left.The mimicry by the viceroy allows it to

Accepted Answer

A)  exploit food resources otherwise available only to monarchs. 
B)  find mates among available monarchs. 
C)  avoid predation because the monarch will make the birds vomit. 
D)  find locations for laying eggs that are only available to monarchs. 
A)  exploit food resources otherwise available only to monarchs. 
B)  find mates among available monarchs. 
C)  avoid predation because the monarch will make the birds vomit. 
D)  find locations for laying eggs that are only available to monarchs.

Question 8

In comparing the two communities shown below,community

Accepted Answer

A)  A has a higher relative species abundance. 
B)  B has a higher relative species abundance. 
C)  A has more primary producers than community B. 
D)  B has more primary producers than community A. 
A)  A has a higher relative species abundance. 
B)  B has a higher relative species abundance. 
C)  A has more primary producers than community B. 
D)  B has more primary producers than community A.

Question 9

Secondary succession,rather than primary succession,would be most likely to occur

Accepted Answer

A)  on an island that has just risen out of the ocean. 
B)  on bare ground exposed by the retreat of a glacier. 
C)  on the surface of recently cooled lava. 
D)  in a forest that had burned to bare ground. 
A)  on an island that has just risen out of the ocean. 
B)  on bare ground exposed by the retreat of a glacier. 
C)  on the surface of recently cooled lava. 
D)  in a forest that had burned to bare ground.

Question 10

The general process by which species in a community are replaced over time is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The general process by which species in...

Question 11

Undisturbed communities with species compositions that remain stable over time are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  climax communities. 
B)  primary successors. 
C)  secondary successors. 
D)  keystone communities. 
A)  climax communities. 
B)  primary successors. 
C)  secondary successors. 
D)  keystone communities.

Question 12

Which of the following communities would be considered to have the greatest species richness?

Accepted Answer

A)  an elk gut with 240 species of microorganisms, where 95 percent of the microorganisms are bacteria 
B)  a small forest in North America made up of 10 species of birds, 125 insect species, and five tree species 
C)  a community of 150 small invertebrates classified as 15 different species living within a puddle 
D)  a large grassland community in South America with 175 species of grasses, birds, and insects 
A)  an elk gut with 240 species of microorganisms, where 95 percent of the microorganisms are bacteria 
B)  a small forest in North America made up of 10 species of birds, 125 insect species, and five tree species 
C)  a community of 150 small invertebrates classified as 15 different species living within a puddle 
D)  a large grassland community in South America with 175 species of grasses, birds, and insects

Question 13

An ecological ________ is an association of populations of different species that live in the same area.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ecological ________ is an association of...

Question 14

Compare and contrast exploitative and interference competition.

Accepted Answer

Exploitative and interference competitio

Question 15

A(n)________ may begin when a new habitat is formed,such as when a retreating glacier deposits rock and soil.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)________ may begin when a new habitat...

Question 16

How does primary succession differ from secondary succession?

Accepted Answer

Primary succession takes place in newly

Question 17

Match each term to a statement listed below.
-an elk eating an aspen sapling

Accepted Answer

A) mutualism 
B) commensalism 
C) exploitation 
D) competition 
A) mutualism 
B) commensalism 
C) exploitation 
D) competition

Question 18

________ consumers feed on primary consumers as part or all of their diet.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ consumers feed on primary consumers as...

Question 19

The process that establishes new communities and restores disturbed communities is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary growth. 
B)  eutrophication. 
C)  diversification. 
D)  succession. 
A)  secondary growth. 
B)  eutrophication. 
C)  diversification. 
D)  succession.

Question 20

Which of the following experiments would help to identify a keystone species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introduce more of the suspected species into the area and observe the effects on other community members. 
B)  Introduce an invasive species related to the suspected species into the area and observe the effects on the suspected species. 
C)  Remove the suspected species from the area and observe the effects on other community members. 
D)  Introduce additional individuals of the suspected species' food source into the area and observe the effects on community members. 
A)  Introduce more of the suspected species into the area and observe the effects on other community members. 
B)  Introduce an invasive species related to the suspected species into the area and observe the effects on the suspected species. 
C)  Remove the suspected species from the area and observe the effects on other community members. 
D)  Introduce additional individuals of the suspected species' food source into the area and observe the effects on community members.

Exam 20: Communities of Organisms

Which of the following is an example of a food web?

Which of the following is a true statement?

The ________ of a community has two components: the number of different species that live in the community and the relative abundances of those species.

Antibiotic therapy sometimes reduces the population of gut-inhabiting microorganisms.Bloating and diarrhea often follow until the populations reestablish themselves.This observation suggests that these microorganisms participate in a(n)________ relationship with humans.

Can a human being be considered an ecological community?

If a disease quickly spreads through a desert and kills moths that are the sole pollinators of long-lived yucca plants,the most likely outcome would be that

The photograph shown below depicts two brightly colored butterfly species,the monarch on the right and its mimic,the viceroy,on the left.The mimicry by the viceroy allows it to

In comparing the two communities shown below,community

Secondary succession,rather than primary succession,would be most likely to occur

The general process by which species in a community are replaced over time is called ________.

Undisturbed communities with species compositions that remain stable over time are referred to as

Which of the following communities would be considered to have the greatest species richness?

An ecological ________ is an association of populations of different species that live in the same area.

Compare and contrast exploitative and interference competition.

A(n)________ may begin when a new habitat is formed,such as when a retreating glacier deposits rock and soil.

How does primary succession differ from secondary succession?

Match each term to a statement listed below. -an elk eating an aspen sapling

________ consumers feed on primary consumers as part or all of their diet.

The process that establishes new communities and restores disturbed communities is termed

Which of the following experiments would help to identify a keystone species?

The Nature of Science

Evaluating Scientific Claims

Chemistry of Life

Life Is Cellular

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

What Genes Are

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

Adaptation and Species

The History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Plants, Fungi, and Protists

Animals and Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Ecosystems

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