Exam 11: Evidence for Evolution

The evolution of new organs usually builds on preexisting structures that are modified in form and sometimes function.The embryos of fish,amphibians,reptiles,birds,and mammals all have pharyngeal pouches or gill slits.These pouches develop into gills in adult fish and they are used to absorb oxygen from their watery environment.These same pouches become parts of the ________ in humans.

Peppered moths are generally light in color and blend into the trunks of the trees on which they live.Populations of peppered moths found in areas where soot has blackened the tree trunks are dark in color.This example demonstrates

The increase in antibiotic resistance in E.coli as a result of treating healthy animals with antibiotics is an example of ________ driving evolution.

When comparing certain amino acid sequences in the protein hemoglobin of humans to those of other animals,scientists found that baboons had seven amino acids that were different than the human protein,dogs had 10 amino acids that were different than the human protein,gorillas had one amino acid that was different than the human protein,and lemurs had eight amino acids that were different than the human protein.Which of these animals is most closely related to humans?

Neanderthal fossils

The fossil record

Breeding programs for farm-raised chickens result in a variety of unusual colors and feathers.Is this an example of evolution?

Some whales have teeth as embryos but do not as adults.What is the most likely explanation of this phenomenon?

Cultivation of corn over thousands of years has resulted in a modern corncob that looks very different from the tiny ancestral cob.Does this support the concept of evolution?

A friend states that "evolution is just a theory because it does not have supporting evidence." Evaluate this statement,including a list of the types of evidence used in drawing your conclusion.

Kangaroos are found only in Australia; these organisms

Which of the following statements regarding the evolutionary history of an organism is FALSE?

Bears have thinner bones than whales.Hippopotami have intermediate bone thickness.What hypothesis does this support?

A population of grasshoppers,ranging in color from bright green to greenish-tan,live in a lush green grassland; their coloring helps to camouflage them in their environment and helps them hide from predators.Over the course of several years,a severe drought kills off the grasses,leaving mostly dry,tan-colored sand and topsoil with sparse green vegetation.Predict what the surviving population of grasshoppers will look like in the changed environment.Explain your answer and indicate which evolutionary process has occurred.

Fossils found in deeper layers are ________ than fossils found in more shallow layers.

Natural selection

Both humans and whales evolved from a common ancestor.Although our forelimbs are quite different,they are made of the same bones.This is an example of a(n)

Tails are found

Human and fish embryos share a number of features.Why is this?

The ________ would have DNA most similar to the Borzoi.